Reassessment of the enigmatic "Prestosuchus" loricatus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 12. doi: 10.1002/ar.25401. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOur knowledge of the diversity and evolution of South American Triassic pseudosuchians has greatly improved in the past 15 years, due to new discoveries, but also to the revision of several historically important specimens. One of the earliest descriptions of pseudosuchians from the Triassic of Brazil stems from the classic work of Huene from the first half of the 20th century, who described several species, including such influential taxa as Rauisuchus tiradentes or Prestosuchus chiniquensis, which have recently been reviewed. The more p...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 12, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Julia B Desojo Oliver W M Rauhut Source Type: research
The tympanic region of the skull in extant pinnipeds: A pilot study of auditory morphological disparity using linear morphometric principal component analysis
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 8. doi: 10.1002/ar.25387. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPinnipeds are unique semiaquatic taxa possessing adaptations to hear efficiently both in water and on land. Research over the past century is extremely limited on the auditory apparatus morphology of pinnipeds, which include the Families Phocidae (true seals), Otariidae (sea lions/fur seals), and Odobenidae (walruses). Our extensive literature review revealed inaccurate terminology of this region, with details corresponding only to terrestrial taxa, and a severe lack of information due to very few current studies. This demonstrates the nee...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 9, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Lindsey Koper Irina A Koretsky Sulman J Rahmat Source Type: research
The Triassic: A pivotal period in tetrapod evolution
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 9. doi: 10.1002/ar.25399. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38334414 | DOI:10.1002/ar.25399 (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - February 9, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Hans-Dieter Sues Source Type: research
Neurovascular description in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Chinchilloidea, Caviomorpha). A study involving evolutionarily related species of Caviomorpha and Muroidea
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar;307(3):658-668. doi: 10.1002/ar.25318. Epub 2023 Sep 13.ABSTRACTOxygenated blood is required for the adequate metabolic activity of the brain. This is supplied by the circle of Willis (CoW) and the vertebrobasilar and carotid systems. The CoW ensures blood flow in case of arterial stenosis or occlusion. Different animal models have been explored for the CoW morphological and functional study. This work aims to characterize the vascular architecture of the CoW of the plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Suborder: Hystricomorpha), and to compare it with evolutionarily related species of Caviomorp...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 8, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Alejandro Ra úl Schmidt Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra Mariela Giacchino Sergio Ferraris Fernando Lange Ramiro Vidal Figueredo Julia Halperin Alfredo Daniel Vitullo Ver ónica Berta Dorfman Source Type: research
Morphofunctional analysis of the gastrointestinal tract of an annual killifish: In search of structural traits related to the annual life history
The objective of this research was to describe histologically and ultrastructurally, the digestive system of the annual killifish Millerichthys robustus to identify morphological traits related to its annual life history and digestive physiology. Also, we quantify food items along the intestine as a proxy for rates of digestion. Millerichthys has a short digestive system, associated with a carnivorous diet, with no evidence of a stomach. Instead, the presence of pharyngeal jaws with caniform teeth was documented, related to the breakdown of invertebrate exoskeletons, allowing prey fluids to be tasted by taste corpuscles re...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Omar Dom ínguez-Castanedo Ximena Luna-Gonz ález Sharon Valdez-Carbajal Tessy M Mu ñoz-Campos Source Type: research
On the spinal venous sinus of Alligator mississippiensis
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 7. doi: 10.1002/ar.25403. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe epidural space of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is largely filled by a continuous venous sinus. This venous sinus extends throughout the trunk and tail of the alligator, and is continuous with the dural sinuses surrounding the brain. Segmental spinal veins (sl) link the spinal venous sinus (vs) to the somatic and visceral venous drainage. Some of these sl, like the caudal head vein along the occipital plate of the skull, are enlarged, suggesting more functional linkage. No evidence of venous valves or external ven...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Seth Parker Michael Cramberg Anchal Scott Stephanie Sopko Annelise Swords Ethan Taylor Bruce A Young Source Type: research
Microarchitecture of the penis bone (baculum) of a seal: A 3D morphometric examination using synchrotron and laboratory micro-computed tomography
We examined the ultrastructure of the mammalian os penis at the high-resolution synchrotron level. Previously, bacular microanatomy had only been investigated histologically. We studied the baculum of the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), in which the baculum varies more in size and shape than does a mechanically constrained bone (humerus). We (1) investigated the microarchitecture of bacula and humeri from the same seal specimens, and (2) described changes in bone micro- and macro-morphology associated with age (n = 15, age range = 1-35 years) and bone type. We analyzed cross-sectional geometry non-destructively throu...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 5, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Shreya S Hande Janna M Andronowski Edward H Miller Source Type: research
Correction to "An updated synthesis of and outstanding questions in the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in bats: Genetics asks questions only anatomy can answer"
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 1. doi: 10.1002/ar.25405. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38303146 | DOI:10.1002/ar.25405 (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - February 2, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
The tympanoperiotic complex of the blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/ar.25393. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe tympanoperiotic complex of a blue whale Balaenoptera musculus is described and compared to the homologous structures in the other extant and fossil baleen whale species. The periotic and the tympanic bulla represent informative anatomical regions in both functional and phylogenetic studies and for this reason a micro-CT scan of the bones was performed in order to better characterize their external aspect and to reconstruct the inner structures. In particular, the cochlea, the semicircular canals and associated portions of the periotic...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Michelangelo Bisconti Mark Bosselaers Camille Locatelli Giorgio Carnevale Olivier Lambert Source Type: research
Postcranial anatomy of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Loricata) from the Triassic of Brazil
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 1. doi: 10.1002/ar.25383. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrestosuchus chiniquensis is the best represented pseudosuchian archosaur from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence, Middle-Late Triassic (Ladinian/Carnian) of the Santa Maria Supersequence, Southern Brazil. Several incomplete specimens attributed to this species have been described, but the morphology of the postcranial skeleton of P. chiniquensis is poorly known. In this contribution we present the postcranial material of the UFRGS-PV-0629-T specimen, concluding its description, as its skull and endocast have already been described. Addition...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bianca Martins Mastrantonio Marcel Ba êta Lacerda Brodsky Dantas Macedo de Farias Fl ávio Augusto Pretto Let ícia de Oliveira Rezende Julia Brenda Desojo Cesar Leandro Schultz Source Type: research
Evolution of postcanine complexity in Gomphodontia (Therapsida: Cynodontia)
This study reveals that the peak in postcanine complexity was reached early in the evolution of gomphodonts with the emergence in the Early Triassic of omnivorous or insectivorous forms with postcanines made of well-separated cusps and cingular cuspules. Traversodontids evolved simpler postcanines via coalescence of cusps into crests and the development of large occlusal basins, and the Middle Triassic radiation of traversodontids led to a sharp decrease in mean postcanine complexity. Simplification of the postcanines in traversodontids is interpreted as being related to a gradual increase in the consumption of plant mater...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Christophe Hendrickx Fernando Abdala Florencia S Filippini Simon Wills Roger Benson Jonah N Choiniere Source Type: research
A new early-diverging probainognathian cynodont and a revision of the occurrence of cf. Aleodon from the Cha ñares Formation, northwestern Argentina: New clues on the faunistic composition of the latest Middle-?earliest Late Triassic Tarjadia Assemblage Zone
We describe a new chiniquodontid cynodont with transversely broad postcanine teeth (Riojanodon nenoi gen. et sp. nov.) which is related to the genus Aleodon. In addition, the specimen CRILAR-Pv 567 previously referred to cf. Aleodon is here described, compared, and included in a phylogenetic analysis. It is considered as an indeterminate Aleodontinae nov., a clade here proposed to included chiniquodontids with transversely broad upper and lower postcanines, by having a cuspidated sectorial labial margin and a lingual platform that is twice broader than a lingual cingulum. Cromptodon mamiferoides, from the Cerro de Las Cabr...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Agust ín G Martinelli Mart ín D Ezcurra Lucas E Fiorelli Juan Escobar E Mart ín Hechenleitner M Bel én von Baczko Jerem ías R A Taborda Julia B Desojo Source Type: research
Skull anatomy and paleoneurology of a new traversodontid from the Middle-Late Triassic of Brazil
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/ar.25385. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTraversodontidae, a clade of gomphodont cynodonts, thrived during the Middle and Late Triassic, displaying a wide geographical distribution. During fieldwork in 2009, a new specimen was discovered in Ladinian/early Carnian stratigraphic layers in southern Brazil. Here, we describe this specimen and propose a new taxon closely related to Traversodon stahleckeri (Traversodontinae) but displaying a unique combination of traits (e.g., presence of a poorly developed suborbital process, mesiodistal length of the paracanine fossa similar to the ...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Leonardo Kerber L ívia Roese-Miron Thais G M Medina L úcio da Roberto-da-Silva S érgio F Cabreira Fl ávio A Pretto Source Type: research
Macroscopic differences in adult human femora are linked to body mass index
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/ar.25397. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBone functional adaptation is routinely invoked to interpret skeletal morphology despite ongoing debate regarding the limits of the bone response to mechanical stimuli. The wide variation in human body mass presents an opportunity to explore the relationship between mechanical load and skeletal response in weight-bearing elements. Here, we examine variation in femoral macroscopic morphology as a function of body mass index (BMI), which is used as a metric of load history. A sample of 80 femora (40 female; 40 male) from recent modern human...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Adam D Sylvester Wojciech Zbijewski Gengxin Shi Lauren A Meckel Elaine Y Chu Deborah L Cunningham Daniel J Wescott Source Type: research
Distribution of alpha-synuclein in rat salivary glands
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/ar.25395. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExpression of alpha-synuclein (Syn), a presynaptic neuronal protein, was immunohistochemically examined in intact rat submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands. The submandibular gland contained abundant periductal Syn-immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers. Abundant Syn-ir varicosities were present in acini of the sublingual and serous lingual glands. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, Syn-ir nerve fibers around smooth muscle actin (SMA)-ir cells alone were infrequent; however, those around aquaporin-5 (AQP5)-ir cells alone and both S...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Tomiko Nishitani Yoshihiro Mitoh Takehiro Yajima Daisuke Tachiya Tomohiro Hoshika Tomohiro Fukunaga Yoshihiro Nishitani Ryusuke Yoshida Itaru Mizoguchi Hiroyuki Ichikawa Tadasu Sato Source Type: research
