Dental caries in living and extinct strepsirrhines with insights into diet
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 11. doi: 10.1002/ar.25420. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDental caries is one of the most common diseases afflicting modern humans and occurs in both living and extinct non-human primates, as well as other mammalian species. Compared to other primates, less is known about the etiology or frequency of caries among the Strepsirrhini. Given the link between caries and diet, caries frequency may be informative about the dietary ecology of a given animal. Understanding rates of caries in wild populations is also critical to assessing dental health in captive populations. Here, we examine caries freq...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 11, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Keegan R Selig Sergi L ópez-Torres Anne M Burrows Mary T Silcox Jin Meng Source Type: research
Vascular microforamina and endocranial surface: Normal variation and distribution in adult humans: Vascular biology
In this study, we describe and quantify the number and distribution of these microforamina in adult humans (N = 45) and, preliminarily, in a small sample of children (N = 7). Adults display more microchannels than juvenile skulls. A higher frequency in females is also observed, although this result is not statistically significant and might be associated with allometric cranial variations. The distribution of the microforamina is particularly concentrated on the top of the vault, in particular along the sagittal, metopic, and coronal sutures, matching the course of major venous sinuses and parasagittal bridging veins. None...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 11, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Emiliano Bruner Stanislava Eisov á Source Type: research
Regional differences in the umbilical vein and ductus venosus at different stages of normal human development
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 9. doi: 10.1002/ar.25421. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDuring the fetal period, oxygenated blood from the placenta flows through the umbilical vein (UV), portal sinus, ductus venosus (DV), and inferior vena cava (IVC) to the heart. This venous route varies regionally in many aspects. Herein, we sought to characterize the venous route's morphological features and regional differences during embryonic and early-fetal periods. Twenty-nine specimens were selected for high-resolution digitized imaging; 18 embryos were chosen for histological analysis. The venous route showed a primitive, large, S-s...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 9, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Naoko Isotani Toru Kanahashi Hirohiko Imai Akio Yoneyama Shigehito Yamada Tetsuya Takakuwa Source Type: research
Regional differences in the umbilical vein and ductus venosus at different stages of normal human development
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 9. doi: 10.1002/ar.25421. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDuring the fetal period, oxygenated blood from the placenta flows through the umbilical vein (UV), portal sinus, ductus venosus (DV), and inferior vena cava (IVC) to the heart. This venous route varies regionally in many aspects. Herein, we sought to characterize the venous route's morphological features and regional differences during embryonic and early-fetal periods. Twenty-nine specimens were selected for high-resolution digitized imaging; 18 embryos were chosen for histological analysis. The venous route showed a primitive, large, S-s...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 9, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Naoko Isotani Toru Kanahashi Hirohiko Imai Akio Yoneyama Shigehito Yamada Tetsuya Takakuwa Source Type: research
The Cranium I: Neurocranium
This study focuses on the neurocranial traits of the SH population and describes three previously undescribed cranial individuals. The SH cranial collection now comprises 20 nearly complete crania, representing approximately two-thirds of the estimated population size. The analysis of the SH population reveals variations in robustness, frontal torus development, sagittal keeling, and occipital torus morphology, which may be related to sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic factors. The suprainiac region exhibits notable ontogenetic changes, while suture obliteration patterns do not strictly correlate with dental age. Metric mea...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 8, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ana Pantoja-P érez Juan-Luis Arsuaga Source Type: research
The Cranium I: Neurocranium
This study focuses on the neurocranial traits of the SH population and describes three previously undescribed cranial individuals. The SH cranial collection now comprises 20 nearly complete crania, representing approximately two-thirds of the estimated population size. The analysis of the SH population reveals variations in robustness, frontal torus development, sagittal keeling, and occipital torus morphology, which may be related to sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic factors. The suprainiac region exhibits notable ontogenetic changes, while suture obliteration patterns do not strictly correlate with dental age. Metric mea...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 8, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ana Pantoja-P érez Juan-Luis Arsuaga Source Type: research
The Sima de los Huesos thorax and lumbar spine: Selected traits and state-of-the-art
We present the current knowledge of the costal skeleton, and the thoracic and lumbar spine anatomy of the hominins found in Sima de los Huesos compared to that of Neandertals and modern humans. The current SH fossil record comprises 738 vertebral specimens representing a minimum of 70 cervical, 95 thoracic and 47 lumbar vertebrae, 652 rib fragments representing a minimum of 118 ribs, and 26 sternal fragments representing 4 sterna. The SH hominins exhibit a morphological pattern in their thorax and lumbar spine more similar to that of Neandertals than to that of H. sapiens, which is consistent with the phylogenetic position...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Asier G ómez-Olivencia Juan Luis Arsuaga Source Type: research
The Sima de los Huesos thorax and lumbar spine: Selected traits and state-of-the-art
We present the current knowledge of the costal skeleton, and the thoracic and lumbar spine anatomy of the hominins found in Sima de los Huesos compared to that of Neandertals and modern humans. The current SH fossil record comprises 738 vertebral specimens representing a minimum of 70 cervical, 95 thoracic and 47 lumbar vertebrae, 652 rib fragments representing a minimum of 118 ribs, and 26 sternal fragments representing 4 sterna. The SH hominins exhibit a morphological pattern in their thorax and lumbar spine more similar to that of Neandertals than to that of H. sapiens, which is consistent with the phylogenetic position...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Asier G ómez-Olivencia Juan Luis Arsuaga Source Type: research
A new Crocodyloidea from the middle Eocene of Zamora (Duero Basin, Spain)
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 5. doi: 10.1002/ar.25422. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe eusuchian crocodyliforms recorded in the Eocene levels of the Spanish Duero Basin belong to three lineages: Planocraniidae, with the species Duerosuchus piscator; Alligatoroidea, represented by several specimens of the genus Diplocynodon; and Crocodyloidea, which includes several specimens traditionally attributed to Asiatosuchus. The genus Asiatosuchus, established in 1940 based on a middle Eocene species from Mongolia, has subsequently served as a wastebasket taxon for Paleogene remains belonging to several species, not only from Asi...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 6, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Iv án Narváez Ane de Celis Fernando Escaso Santiago Mart ín de Jesús Ad án Pérez-García Francisco Ortega Source Type: research
The origin and evolution of Cynodontia (Synapsida, Therapsida): Reassessment of the phylogeny and systematics of the earliest members of this clade using 3D-imaging technologies
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 5. doi: 10.1002/ar.25394. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe origin of cynodonts, the group ancestral to and including mammals, is one of the major outstanding problems in therapsid evolution. One of the most troubling aspects of the cynodont fossil record is the lengthy Permian ghost lineage between the latest possible divergence from its sister group Therocephalia and the first appearance of definitive cynodonts in the late Permian. The absence of cynodonts and dominance of therocephalians in middle Permian strata has led some workers to argue that cynodonts evolved from within therocephalians...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 5, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Luisa C Pusch Christian F Kammerer J örg Fröbisch Source Type: research
The origin and evolution of Cynodontia (Synapsida, Therapsida): Reassessment of the phylogeny and systematics of the earliest members of this clade using 3D-imaging technologies
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 5. doi: 10.1002/ar.25394. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe origin of cynodonts, the group ancestral to and including mammals, is one of the major outstanding problems in therapsid evolution. One of the most troubling aspects of the cynodont fossil record is the lengthy Permian ghost lineage between the latest possible divergence from its sister group Therocephalia and the first appearance of definitive cynodonts in the late Permian. The absence of cynodonts and dominance of therocephalians in middle Permian strata has led some workers to argue that cynodonts evolved from within therocephalians...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 5, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Luisa C Pusch Christian F Kammerer J örg Fröbisch Source Type: research
Cranial and postcranial anatomy of a juvenile baurusuchid (Notosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) and the taxonomical implications of ontogeny
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 1. doi: 10.1002/ar.25419. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBaurusuchidae comprises a clade of top-tier terrestrial predators and are among the most abundant crocodyliforms found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin, Brazil (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Here, we provide a detailed description of the cranial and postcranial osteology and myology of the most complete juvenile baurusuchid found to date. Although the preservation of juvenile individuals is somewhat rare, previously reported occurrences of baurusuchid egg clutches, a yearling individual, and larger, but skeletally immature specimens, c...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Daniel Martins Dos Santos Joyce Celerino de Carvalho Carlos Eduardo Maia de Oliveira Marco Brandalise de Andrade Rodrigo Miloni Santucci Source Type: research
Cranial and postcranial anatomy of a juvenile baurusuchid (Notosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) and the taxonomical implications of ontogeny
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 1. doi: 10.1002/ar.25419. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBaurusuchidae comprises a clade of top-tier terrestrial predators and are among the most abundant crocodyliforms found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin, Brazil (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Here, we provide a detailed description of the cranial and postcranial osteology and myology of the most complete juvenile baurusuchid found to date. Although the preservation of juvenile individuals is somewhat rare, previously reported occurrences of baurusuchid egg clutches, a yearling individual, and larger, but skeletally immature specimens, c...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Daniel Martins Dos Santos Joyce Celerino de Carvalho Carlos Eduardo Maia de Oliveira Marco Brandalise de Andrade Rodrigo Miloni Santucci Source Type: research
Cranial and postcranial anatomy of a juvenile baurusuchid (Notosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) and the taxonomical implications of ontogeny
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Mar 1. doi: 10.1002/ar.25419. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBaurusuchidae comprises a clade of top-tier terrestrial predators and are among the most abundant crocodyliforms found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin, Brazil (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Here, we provide a detailed description of the cranial and postcranial osteology and myology of the most complete juvenile baurusuchid found to date. Although the preservation of juvenile individuals is somewhat rare, previously reported occurrences of baurusuchid egg clutches, a yearling individual, and larger, but skeletally immature specimens, c...
Source: Anatomical Record - March 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Daniel Martins Dos Santos Joyce Celerino de Carvalho Carlos Eduardo Maia de Oliveira Marco Brandalise de Andrade Rodrigo Miloni Santucci Source Type: research
Skull osteology, neuroanatomy, and jaw-related myology of the pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta (Cryptodira, Trionychia)
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 29. doi: 10.1002/ar.25411. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe osteology, neuroanatomy, and musculature are known for most primary clades of turtles (i.e., "families"), but knowledge is still lacking for one particular clade, the Carettochelyidae. Carettochelyids are represented by only one living taxon, the pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta. Here, we use micro-computed tomography of osteological and contrast-enhanced stained specimens to describe the cranial osteology, neuroanatomy, circulatory system, and jaw musculature of Carettochelys insculpta. The jaw-related myology is described in...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yann Rollot Serjoscha W Evers Gabriel S Ferreira L éa C Girard Ingmar Werneburg Walter G Joyce Source Type: research
