The tympanoperiotic complex of the blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/ar.25393. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe tympanoperiotic complex of a blue whale Balaenoptera musculus is described and compared to the homologous structures in the other extant and fossil baleen whale species. The periotic and the tympanic bulla represent informative anatomical regions in both functional and phylogenetic studies and for this reason a micro-CT scan of the bones was performed in order to better characterize their external aspect and to reconstruct the inner structures. In particular, the cochlea, the semicircular canals and associated portions of the periotic...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Michelangelo Bisconti Mark Bosselaers Camille Locatelli Giorgio Carnevale Olivier Lambert Source Type: research
Postcranial anatomy of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Loricata) from the Triassic of Brazil
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Feb 1. doi: 10.1002/ar.25383. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrestosuchus chiniquensis is the best represented pseudosuchian archosaur from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence, Middle-Late Triassic (Ladinian/Carnian) of the Santa Maria Supersequence, Southern Brazil. Several incomplete specimens attributed to this species have been described, but the morphology of the postcranial skeleton of P. chiniquensis is poorly known. In this contribution we present the postcranial material of the UFRGS-PV-0629-T specimen, concluding its description, as its skull and endocast have already been described. Addition...
Source: Anatomical Record - February 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bianca Martins Mastrantonio Marcel Ba êta Lacerda Brodsky Dantas Macedo de Farias Fl ávio Augusto Pretto Let ícia de Oliveira Rezende Julia Brenda Desojo Cesar Leandro Schultz Source Type: research
Evolution of postcanine complexity in Gomphodontia (Therapsida: Cynodontia)
This study reveals that the peak in postcanine complexity was reached early in the evolution of gomphodonts with the emergence in the Early Triassic of omnivorous or insectivorous forms with postcanines made of well-separated cusps and cingular cuspules. Traversodontids evolved simpler postcanines via coalescence of cusps into crests and the development of large occlusal basins, and the Middle Triassic radiation of traversodontids led to a sharp decrease in mean postcanine complexity. Simplification of the postcanines in traversodontids is interpreted as being related to a gradual increase in the consumption of plant mater...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Christophe Hendrickx Fernando Abdala Florencia S Filippini Simon Wills Roger Benson Jonah N Choiniere Source Type: research
A new early-diverging probainognathian cynodont and a revision of the occurrence of cf. Aleodon from the Cha ñares Formation, northwestern Argentina: New clues on the faunistic composition of the latest Middle-?earliest Late Triassic Tarjadia Assemblage Zone
We describe a new chiniquodontid cynodont with transversely broad postcanine teeth (Riojanodon nenoi gen. et sp. nov.) which is related to the genus Aleodon. In addition, the specimen CRILAR-Pv 567 previously referred to cf. Aleodon is here described, compared, and included in a phylogenetic analysis. It is considered as an indeterminate Aleodontinae nov., a clade here proposed to included chiniquodontids with transversely broad upper and lower postcanines, by having a cuspidated sectorial labial margin and a lingual platform that is twice broader than a lingual cingulum. Cromptodon mamiferoides, from the Cerro de Las Cabr...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Agust ín G Martinelli Mart ín D Ezcurra Lucas E Fiorelli Juan Escobar E Mart ín Hechenleitner M Bel én von Baczko Jerem ías R A Taborda Julia B Desojo Source Type: research
Skull anatomy and paleoneurology of a new traversodontid from the Middle-Late Triassic of Brazil
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/ar.25385. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTraversodontidae, a clade of gomphodont cynodonts, thrived during the Middle and Late Triassic, displaying a wide geographical distribution. During fieldwork in 2009, a new specimen was discovered in Ladinian/early Carnian stratigraphic layers in southern Brazil. Here, we describe this specimen and propose a new taxon closely related to Traversodon stahleckeri (Traversodontinae) but displaying a unique combination of traits (e.g., presence of a poorly developed suborbital process, mesiodistal length of the paracanine fossa similar to the ...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Leonardo Kerber L ívia Roese-Miron Thais G M Medina L úcio da Roberto-da-Silva S érgio F Cabreira Fl ávio A Pretto Source Type: research
Macroscopic differences in adult human femora are linked to body mass index
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/ar.25397. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBone functional adaptation is routinely invoked to interpret skeletal morphology despite ongoing debate regarding the limits of the bone response to mechanical stimuli. The wide variation in human body mass presents an opportunity to explore the relationship between mechanical load and skeletal response in weight-bearing elements. Here, we examine variation in femoral macroscopic morphology as a function of body mass index (BMI), which is used as a metric of load history. A sample of 80 femora (40 female; 40 male) from recent modern human...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Adam D Sylvester Wojciech Zbijewski Gengxin Shi Lauren A Meckel Elaine Y Chu Deborah L Cunningham Daniel J Wescott Source Type: research
Distribution of alpha-synuclein in rat salivary glands
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/ar.25395. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExpression of alpha-synuclein (Syn), a presynaptic neuronal protein, was immunohistochemically examined in intact rat submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands. The submandibular gland contained abundant periductal Syn-immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers. Abundant Syn-ir varicosities were present in acini of the sublingual and serous lingual glands. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, Syn-ir nerve fibers around smooth muscle actin (SMA)-ir cells alone were infrequent; however, those around aquaporin-5 (AQP5)-ir cells alone and both S...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Tomiko Nishitani Yoshihiro Mitoh Takehiro Yajima Daisuke Tachiya Tomohiro Hoshika Tomohiro Fukunaga Yoshihiro Nishitani Ryusuke Yoshida Itaru Mizoguchi Hiroyuki Ichikawa Tadasu Sato Source Type: research
The redescription of Malerisaurus robinsonae (Archosauromorpha: Allokotosauria) from the Upper Triassic lower Maleri Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 26. doi: 10.1002/ar.25392. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAllokotosauria, a clade of non-archosauriform archosauromorphs with a broad diversity of body plans, plays a crucial role in better understanding the evolutionary history of early diverging stem-archosaurs. Here we provide a detailed redescription of Malerisaurus robinsonae, a malerisaurine allokotosaur from the middle Carnian-lowermost Norian lower Maleri Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India. The new anatomical information available from recently discovered and well-preserved skeletons of various allokotosaurs, such as Azendohsaurus...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 26, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Saradee Sengupta Mart ín D Ezcurra Saswati Bandyopadhyay Source Type: research
Comments on the pelvic girdle anatomy of Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971 (Archosauria) and its implications on the posture and gait of early pterosauromorphs
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 23. doi: 10.1002/ar.25389. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLagerpeton chanarensis is an early avemetatarsalian from the lower Carnian (lowermost Upper Triassic) levels of the Chañares Formation, La Rioja Province, Argentina. Lagerpeton and its kin were traditionally interpreted as dinosaur precursors of cursorial habits, with a bipedal posture and parasagittal gait. Some authors also speculated saltatorial capabilities for this genus. Recent analyses indicate that lagerpetids are early-diverging pterosauromorphs, a hypothesis that invites a review of most aspects of their anatomy and function. A...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 24, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Federico L Agnol ín Fernando E Novas Mart ín D Ezcurra Santiago Miner Rodrigo Temp M üller Source Type: research
Cranial osteology and paleoneurology of Tarjadia ruthae: An erpetosuchid pseudosuchian from the Triassic Cha ñares Formation (late Ladinian-?early Carnian) of Argentina
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 23. doi: 10.1002/ar.25382. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTarjadia ruthae is a quadrupedal terrestrial pseudosuchian from the Middle-early Upper Triassic of the Chañares Formation, La Rioja Province, Argentina. Originally, this species was identified as an indeterminate archosaur and later as a doswelliid archosauriform based on very fragmentary specimens characterized by the ornamentation of the skull roof and osteoderms. Additional specimens (including skulls and postcrania) recovered in the last decade show that Tarjadia is an erpetosuchid, an enigmatic pseudosuchian group composed of six sp...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 24, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: J B Desojo M B von Baczko M D Ezcurra L E Fiorelli A G Martinelli P Bona M J Trotteyn M Lacerda Source Type: research
Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in the rat pallial and subpallial amygdala and colocalization with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 23. doi: 10.1002/ar.25390. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe amygdaloid complex, also known as the amygdala, is a heterogeneous group of distinct nuclear and cortical pallial and subpallial structures. The amygdala plays an important role in several complex functions including emotional behavior and learning. The expression of calcium-binding proteins and peptides in GABAergic neurons located in the pallial and subpallial amygdala is not uniform and is sometimes restricted to specific groups of cells. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is present in specific subpopulations of GABAergic cel...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 24, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: G Salamanca C Tagliavia A Grandis J M Gra ïc B Cozzi C Bombardi Source Type: research
The osteology of Shuvosaurus inexpectatus, a shuvosaurid pseudosuchian from the Upper Triassic Post Quarry, Dockum Group of Texas, USA
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 23. doi: 10.1002/ar.25376. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA vast array of pseudosuchian body plans evolved during the diversification of the group in the Triassic Period, but few can compare to the toothless, long-necked, and bipedal shuvosaurids. Members of this clade possess theropod-like character states mapped on top of more plesiomorphic pseudosuchian character states, complicating our understanding of the evolutionary history of the skeleton. One taxon in this clade, Shuvosaurus inexpectatus has been assigned to various theropod dinosaur groups based on a partial skull and referred materia...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 23, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Sterling J Nesbitt Sankar Chatterjee Source Type: research
The postcranial skeleton of Teyujagua paradoxa (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the early Triassic of South America
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 23. doi: 10.1002/ar.25391. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTeyujagua paradoxa is a remarkable early archosauromorph from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation, Brazil. The species was originally described from an almost complete skull and a few associated cervical vertebrae, and no further postcranial elements were known at that time. Additional fieldwork in the Sanga do Cabral Formation, however, was successful in recovering a fairly complete postcranial skeleton attributable to the holotype. Here, we describe this new postcranial material, which is composed of cervical, dorsal, sacral an...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 23, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Tiane M De-Oliveira Jo ão Lucas Da Silva Leonardo Kerber Felipe L Pinheiro Source Type: research
Assessing the adductor musculature and jaw mechanics of Proterochampsa nodosa (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae) through finite element analysis
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 19. doi: 10.1002/ar.25380. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTProterochampsids are a group of South American nonarchosaurian archosauromorphs whose general morphology has been historically likened to that of the extant Crocodylia, which purportedly exhibited similar habits by convergence. Taxa from the genus Proterochampsa, for example, show platyrostral skulls with dorsally faced orbits and external nares and elongated snouts that might indicate a feeding habit similar to that of crocodilians. Nonetheless, some aspects of their craniomandibular anatomy are distinct. Proterochampsa has comparatively...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 19, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Daniel de Sim ão-Oliveira Tiago Dos Santos Felipe Lima Pinheiro Fl ávio Augusto Pretto Source Type: research
Interrelationships among Early Triassic faunas of Western Gondwana and Laurasia as illuminated by a new South American benthosuchid temnospondyl
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jan 19. doi: 10.1002/ar.25384. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe End-Permian Mass Extinction marked a critical turning point in Earth's history, and the biological recovery that followed the crisis led to the emergence of several modern vertebrate and invertebrate taxa. Even considering the importance of the Early Triassic biotic recovery for the evolution of modern faunas and floras, our knowledge of this event is still hindered by the sparse sampling of crucial geological formations. This leaves our understanding of Early Triassic ecosystems fundamentally biased toward productive and historically...
Source: Anatomical Record - January 19, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Felipe L Pinheiro Estevan Eltink Voltaire D Paes-Neto Arielli F Machado Tiago R Sim ões Stephanie E Pierce Source Type: research
