Lung ‐Specific Risk Factors Associated With Incident Hip Fracture in Current and Former Smokers

ABSTRACTHip fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in smokers with lung disease, but whether lung ‐specific factors are associated with fracture risk is unknown. Our goal was to determine whether lung‐specific factors associate with incident hip fracture and improve risk discrimination of traditional fracture risk models in smokers. The analysis consisted of a convenience sample of 9187 curr ent and former smokers (58,477 participant follow‐up years) participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) longitudinal observational cohort study. Participants were enrolled between 2008 and 2011 with follow‐up data collection through July 2018. Tradit ional risk factors associated with incident hip fracture (n = 361) included age, female sex, osteoporosis, prevalent spine and hip fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. Lung ‐specific risk factors included post‐bronchodilator percent forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) predicted (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92 –0.99 for each 10% increase), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.002–1.19 for each higher stage), presence of CT‐determined emphysema (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06–1.69), symptom scores (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19 for each higher un it score), 6‐min walk distance (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.95 for each 30‐m increase), body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise (...
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research - Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Tags: Original Article Source Type: research