Candida Onychomycosis: an Old Problem in Modern Times

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThis review summarizes the main findings in theCandida onychomycosis (CO) literature as well as provides data for clinical practice.Recent FindingsDue to the increase in the frequency of immunosuppression-generating diseases, CO has been observed to be an entry route for systemic infections that worsen the prognosis of these patients.SummaryOnychomycosis are common fungal nail infections, and the main cause is related to dermatophytes. The second cause of onychomycosis is related toCandida, frequently associated with both local and systemic immune disturbances.Candida onychomycosis (CO) is observed in the elderly or among patients with diseases related to immunosuppression such as diabetes mellitus or HIV or while using immunosuppressive therapy and extended-spectrum antibiotics. Among the local factors related to CO are nail trauma, poor hygiene, excessive cutaneous moisture, and occupational exposure to chemicals (detergent, soaps). The diagnosis of CO requires an adequate history, a detailed physical examination, and a positive direct microscopy and culture; also, histopathology is often needed. Initial measures to treat the disease include the control of the associated diseases as well as the risk factors, improvement of the immune system, and the eradication of the fungus. Despite its worldwide frequency, there is little information in the literature regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and antifungal susceptibility of CO.
Source: Current Fungal Infection Reports - Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research