Learning to promote recovery after spinal cord injury.

Learning to promote recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2020 Apr 27;:113334 Authors: Grau JW, Baine RE, Bean PA, Davis JA, Fauss GN, Henwood MK, Hudson KE, Johnston DT, Tarbet MM, Strain MM Abstract The present review explores the concept of learning within the context of neurorehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of physical therapy and neurorehabilitation is to bring about a lasting change in function-to encourage learning. Traditionally, it was assumed that the adult spinal cord is hardwired-immutable and incapable of learning. Research has shown that neurons within the lower (lumbosacral) spinal cord can support learning after communication with the brain has been disrupted by means of a thoracic transection. Noxious stimulation can sensitize nociceptive circuits within the spinal cord, engaging signal pathways analogous to those implicated in brain-dependent learning and memory. After a spinal contusion injury, pain input can fuel hemorrhage, increase the area of tissue loss (secondary injury), and undermine long-term recovery. Neurons within the spinal cord are sensitive to environmental relations. This learning has a metaplastic effect that counters neural over-excitation and promotes adaptive learning through an up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Exposure to rhythmic stimulation, treadmill training, and cycling also enhances the expression of BDNF and counters the developmen...
Source: Experimental Neurology - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research