Neuromodulation of memory formation and extinction.

Neuromodulation of memory formation and extinction. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2020 Apr 21;: Authors: Bostancıklıoğlu M Abstract Memory retrieval is mediated by discharges of acetylcholine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, and serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine circuits. These projections and memory interact through engram circuits, neurobiological traces of memory. Increased excitability in engram circuits of medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus results in remote and recent memory retrievals, respectively. However, due to degenerated neurotransmitter projections, the excitability state of engram circuits is decreased in the patient with dementia; and thus, acquired-memory cannot be retrieved by natural cues. Here we suggest that artificial neuropharmacological stimulations of the acquired-memory with an excitation potential higher than a natural cue can excite engram circuits in the medial prefrontal cortex, which results in the retrieval of lost memories in dementia. Also, we explained the neuropharmacological foundations of engram cell-mediated memory retrieval strategy in severe dementia, in line with this, we particularly highlighted the close interactions between periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala as treatment targets for memory loss. Furthermore, the engram circuits projecting raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, and pontomesencephalic tegmentum com...
Source: Current Neurovascular Research - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: Curr Neurovasc Res Source Type: research