Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 898: The Interplay of Dysregulated pH and Electrolyte Imbalance in Cancer

Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 898: The Interplay of Dysregulated pH and Electrolyte Imbalance in Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040898 Authors: Khalid O. Alfarouk Samrein B. M. Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed Robert L. Elliott Muntaser E. Ibrahim Heyam S. Ali Christian C. Wales Ibrahim Nourwali Ahmed N. Aljarbou Adil H. H. Bashir Sari T. S. Alhoufie Saad Saeed Alqahtani Rosa A. Cardone Stefano Fais Salvador Harguindey Stephan J. Reshkin Cancer cells and tissues have an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics driven by a combination of poor vascular perfusion, regional hypoxia, and increased the flux of carbons through fermentative glycolysis. This leads to extracellular acidosis and intracellular alkalinization. Dysregulated pH dynamics influence cancer cell biology, from cell transformation and tumorigenesis to proliferation, local growth, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, this dysregulated intracellular pH (pHi) drives a metabolic shift to increased aerobic glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, referred to as the Warburg effect, or Warburg metabolism, which is a selective feature of cancer. This metabolic reprogramming confers a thermodynamic advantage on cancer cells and tissues by protecting them against oxidative stress, enhancing their resistance to hypoxia, and allowing a rapid conversion of nutrients into biomass to enable cell proliferation. Indeed, most cancers have increased glucose uptake and lactic acid pro...
Source: Cancers - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research