Inhibition of melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer by chitosan biomaterials

In this study, we investigated the effects of chitosan, a natural marine product, on melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer. Treating B16F10 melanoma cells caused the inhibitory effect of chitosan on melanogenesis to be more prominent under α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) stimulation. Chitosan samples of different molecular weights inhibited melanogenesis to a comparable extent, whereas increasing the deacetylation of chitosan enhanced its depigmentation effects. Chitosan was found to effectively reduce basal or α‐M SH‐stimulated melanogenesis by suppressing the expression of melanogenic‐related proteins (microphthalmia transcription factor, tyrosinase, and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 and protein‐2) as well as inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of chitosan on melanogenesi s in human melanocytes was confirmed. A transwell coculture system using permeable inserts was designed to allow the contact of human melanocytes and human HaCaT keratinocytes through the tiny holes on the membrane. When chitosan was added to this melanocyte–keratinocyte coculture system, we obser ved decreased melanosome release from melanocytes. Reduced melanosome uptake by keratinocytes was also observed, and was probably mediated by inhibiting protease‐activated receptor 2 expression. Many skin‐whitening agents can modulate the process of melanogenesis, but few have been shown to inhi bit the melanosome transfer and uptake process. We d...
Source: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials - Category: Materials Science Authors: Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH REPORT Source Type: research