Mitohormesis and metabolic health: The interplay between ROS, cAMP and sirtuins.

Mitohormesis and metabolic health: The interplay between ROS, cAMP and sirtuins. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 Jul 24;141:483-491 Authors: Palmeira CM, Teodoro JS, Amorim JA, Steegborn C, Sinclair DA, Rolo AP Abstract The key role of mitochondria in oxidative metabolism and redox homeostasis explains the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of metabolic disorders. Mitochondria's highly dynamic nature, based on alterations in biogenesis, mitophagy, fusion and fission, allows adjusting sequential redox reactions of the electron transport chain (ETC) and dissipation of the membrane potential by ATP synthase, to different environmental cues. With reactive oxygen species being an inevitable by-product of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), alterations on mitochondrial oxidative rate with a consequent excessive load of reactive oxygen species have been traditionally associated with pathological conditions. However, reactive oxygen species have also been suggested as promoters of mitohormesis, a process in which low, non-cytotoxic concentrations of reactive oxygen species promote mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, signaling systems involved in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis are attractive candidates for drug development for metabolic diseases triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. Reversible phosphorylation downstream the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cascade and deacetylation mediated by sirtuins are recogn...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - Category: Biology Authors: Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research