Effect of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia and clinically-defined pneumonia in Kenyan children: an interrupted time-series analysis

We examined the effect of 10-valent PCV on the incidence of pneumonia in Kenya.MethodsWe linked prospective hospital surveillance for clinically-defined WHO severe or very severe pneumonia at Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, from 2002 to 2015, to population surveillance at Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System, comprising 45 000 children younger than 5 years. Chest radiographs were read according to a WHO standard. A 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Kenya in January, 2011. In Kilifi, there was a three-dose catch-up campaign for infants (aged <1 year) and a two-dose catch-up campaign for children aged 1–4 years, between January and March, 2011. We estimated the effect of PCV10 on the incidence of clinically-defined and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia through interrupted time-series analysis, accounting for seasonal and temporal trends.FindingsBetween May 1, 2002 and March 31, 2015, 44 771 children aged 2–143 months were admitted to Kilifi County Hospital. We excluded 810 admissions between January and March, 2011, and 182 admissions during nurses' strikes. In 2002–03, the incidence of admission with clinically-defined pneumonia was 2170 per 100 000 in children aged 2–59 months. By the end of the catch-up campaign in 2011, 4997 (61·1%) of 8181 children aged 2–11 months had received at least two doses of PCV10 and 23 298 (62·3%) of 37 416 children aged 12–59 m...
Source: The Lancet Global Health - Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research