A comprehensive review of the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in brain metastasis of renal cell carcinoma origin

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) occurs in 25-30% of patients at diagnosis and develops in 40% after surgical treatment in localized stages (Choueiri and Motzer, 2017). Brain metastases (BM) are not a rare finding in mRCC as the 5-year cumulative incidence of BM RCC reaches 9.8% (Schouten et al., 2002). Other retrospective series report similar incidence of BM from RCC reaching 7 to 13% % (Ernest Marshall et al., 1990; Seaman et al., 1995; Ljungberg and Rasmuson, 1999; Shuch et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2018).
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Source Type: research