Mitochondrial VDAC, the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger, and the Ca2+ Uniporter in Ca2+ Dynamics and Signaling.

Mitochondrial VDAC, the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger, and the Ca2+ Uniporter in Ca2+ Dynamics and Signaling. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;981:323-347 Authors: Shoshan-Barmatz V, De S Abstract Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release play pivotal roles in cellular physiology by regulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling, energy metabolism, and cell death. Ca2+ transport across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes (IMM, OMM, respectively), is mediated by several proteins, including the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the OMM, and the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and Na+-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux transporter, (the NCLX), both in the IMM. By transporting Ca2+ across the OMM to the mitochondrial inner-membrane space (IMS), VDAC1 allows Ca2+ access to the MCU, facilitating transport of Ca2+ to the matrix, and also from the IMS to the cytosol. Intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ controls energy production and metabolism by modulating critical enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and fatty acid oxidation. Thus, by transporting Ca2+, VDAC1 plays a fundamental role in regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative phosphorylation, and Ca2+ crosstalk among mitochondria, cytoplasm, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). VDAC1 has also been recognized as a key protein in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and apoptosis stimuli induce overexpression of the protein in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The overexpressed VDAC1 undergoes oligomeri...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research