Pulmonary function and sleep breathing: two new targets for type 2 diabetes care.

Pulmonary function and sleep breathing: two new targets for type 2 diabetes care. Endocr Rev. 2017 Sep 04;: Authors: Lecube A, Simó R, Pallayova M, Punjabi NM, López-Cano C, Turino C, Hernández C, Barbé F Abstract Population based studies showing the negative impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on lung function are overviewed. Among the well-recognized pathophysiological mechanisms, the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, leptin resistance, microvascular damage, and autonomic neuropathy are emphasized. Histopathological changes are exposed, and findings reported from experimental models are clearly differentiated from those described in humans. The accelerated decline in pulmonary function that appears in patients with cystic fibrosis with related abnormalities of glucose tolerance and diabetes is considered as an example to further investigate the relationship between T2D and the lung. Furthermore, a possible causal link between antihyperglycemic therapies and pulmonary function is examined.T2D similarly affect breathing during sleep, becoming an independent risk factor for higher rates of sleep apnea, leading to nocturnal hypoxemia and daytime sleepiness. Therefore, the impact of T2D on sleep breathing and its influence on sleep architecture is analyzed. Finally, the effect of improving some pathophysiological mechanisms, primarily insulin resistance and inflammation, as well as the opt...
Source: Endocrine Reviews - Category: Endocrinology Tags: Endocr Rev Source Type: research