Idiopathic Anaphylaxis

Opinion statementIdiopathic anaphylaxis is a rare life-threatening disorder with symptoms similar to other forms of anaphylaxis. There is lack of a robust evidence base underpinning the treatment of anaphylaxis and even less so for idiopathic anaphylaxis. Much of the evidence therefore comes from relatively small case series and expert opinion. Idiopathic anaphylaxis is a diagnosis of exclusion, requiring a thorough history and careful diagnostic work-up investigating possible triggers and underlying predisposing factors. Key diagnostic tests include skin-prick testing, tests for specific-IgE, component-resolved diagnostics, and in some cases for allergen challenge tests. Other recognized causes of anaphylaxis, such as foods, medications, insect stings, latex, and exercise, should all be considered, as should differential diagnoses such as asthma. While the cause of idiopathic anaphylaxis remains unknown, prompt treatment with intramuscular epinephrine (adrenaline) administered into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh is associated with good prognosis. There may also be a role for H1-antihistamines and corticosteroids as second-line agents. Patients need to be carefully monitored for signs of deterioration and/or a possible protracted or biphasic reaction. Patients with frequent episodes of anaphylaxis (e.g., six or more episodes/year) should be considered for preventive therapy, which may include corticosteroids, H1- and H2-antihistamines, and, in some cases, mast cell sta...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research