The Impact of Novel Radiation Treatment Techniques on Toxicity and Clinical Outcomes in Rectal Cancer

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThree-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) has been the standard technique in the treatment of rectal cancer. The use of new radiation treatment technologies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton therapy (PT), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), and brachytherapy (BT) has been increasing over the past 10  years. This review will highlight the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques.Recent FindingsIMRT, PT, SBRT, and BT achieve a higher target coverage conformity and a higher organ at risk sparing and enable dose escalation compared to 3DCRT. Some studies suggest a reduction in gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities and an increase in the complete pathologic response rate; however, the clinical benefit of these techniques remains controversial.SummaryThe results of these new techniques seem encouraging despite conclusive data. Further trials are required to establish their role in rectal cancer.
Source: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research