Development of CO < sub > 2 < /sub > -switchable deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-liquid microextraction approach: Application in urinary excretion and tissue distribution studies

This study introduces a novel sample pretreatment method using CO2-switchable DES in liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) to enhance speed, accuracy, and sensitivity in complex biological samples analysis.RESULTS: A liquid-liquid microextraction sample pretreatment method based on switchable DES combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established for the analysis of urine and tissue samples. The method was optimized through systematic investigation of key parameters, including DES type, volume, molar ratio, pH, vortex time, gas purge time, and salt addition. The resulting procedure exhibited satisfying linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9958), good precision (RSD ≤6.01 %), desirable recovery (52.44%-98.12 %) and matrix effect (86.22%-119.30 %), and the accuracy and precision of stability were within the ±15 % limit. The proven methods were further applied to urinary excretion study and tissue distribution study of Nelumbinis plumula (NP) extract. The results indicated that the total cumulative excretion of liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine in urine within 240 h was 4.96 %, 0.66 % and 0.44 %, respectively. The tissue distribution study showed that alkaloids mainly distribute in liver, kidney, and spleen.SIGNIFICANCE: This research introduces a groundbreaking technique distinguished by its simplicity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. This approach, utilizing CO2-switchable DES as an extraction solvent for...
Source: Analytica Chimica Acta - Category: Chemistry Authors: Source Type: research