A tipping point in dihydroxyacetone exposure: Mitochondrial stress and metabolic reprogramming alter survival in rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells

Chem Biol Interact. 2024 Apr 4:110991. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110991. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExogenous exposures to the triose sugar dihydroxyacetone (DHA) occur from sunless tanning products and electronic cigarette aerosol. Once inhaled or absorbed, DHA enters cells, is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), and incorporated into several metabolic pathways. Cytotoxic effects of DHA vary across the cell types depending on the metabolic needs of the cells, and differences in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been reported. We have shown that cytotoxic doses of DHA induced metabolic imbalances in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in liver and kidney cell models. Here, we examine the dose-dependent effects of DHA on the rat cardiomyocyte cell line, H9c2. Cells begin to experience cytotoxic effects at low millimolar doses, but an increase in cell survival was observed at 2 mM DHA. We confirmed that 2 mM DHA increased cell survival compared to the low cytotoxic 1 mM dose and investigated the metabolic differences between these two low DHA doses. Exposure to 1 mM DHA showed changes in the cell's fuel utilization, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transient changes in the glycolysis and mitochondrial energetics, which normalized 24 h after exposure. The 2 mM dose induced robust changes in mitochondrial flux through acetyl CoA and elevated expression of fatty acid synthase. Di...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Source Type: research