Long-term outcome of endovascular treatment for indirect carotid-cavernous fistulas

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, complete obliteration of an indirect CCF was achieved in more than 90% of patients. Despite the occurrence of some new postprocedural ocular CN palsy, ocular symptoms improved in most patients in long-term follow-up. The transvenous approach was the most effective method for treating the indirect CCF. Coiling was safer than LEAs for the embolization of the indirect CCF.PMID:38427986 | DOI:10.3171/2023.12.FOCUS23795
Source: Neurosurgical Focus - Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Source Type: research