Motor and non-motor symptoms, drugs, and their mode of action in Parkinson ’s disease (PD): a review

AbstractParkinson ’s disease is second most common neurodegenerative disorder neurological illness that primarily affects patients in their later years of life. Specific neurons in the brain begin to malfunction resulting in a loss of a substance called dopamine which is characterized by the accumulation of α-synu clein aggregates within cells, forming structures known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. It is affecting more than 1% of people worldwide (aged 65 and above) and is expected to increase in prevalence by 2030. Muscle rigidity, tremor, and unresponsiveness of motion are some of the motor signs of thi s condition, and on another hand pain, despair, and anxiety are some examples of non-motor symptoms. Levodopa, pramipexole, ropinirole, alprazolam, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, and many more drugs are used to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Among them, the most common surgical symptomatic treatment is levodopa, which has better quality-of-life improvements in early Parkinson’s disease than other medications. Still, the success rate of medication is 14.9% only. Other than these patients are also treated with non-medications which are known as therapieslike yoga, massage, music, and so on. As per the literature, most studies reveal that the therapies improved the quality of life by up to 58%. So, researchers need to be focused on the synthesis of novel drugs that create a high impact on the treatment of Parkinson ’s disease. In this review paper, we discus...
Source: Medicinal Chemistry Research - Category: Chemistry Source Type: research