Genes, Vol. 15, Pages 251: Allelic Variations in Vernalization (Vrn) Genes in Triticum spp.

Genes, Vol. 15, Pages 251: Allelic Variations in Vernalization (Vrn) Genes in Triticum spp. Genes doi: 10.3390/genes15020251 Authors: Sanaz Afshari-Behbahanizadeh Damiano Puglisi Salvatore Esposito Pasquale De Vita Rapid climate changes, with higher warming rates during winter and spring seasons, dramatically affect the vernalization requirements, one of the most critical processes for the induction of wheat reproductive growth, with severe consequences on flowering time, grain filling, and grain yield. Specifically, the Vrn genes play a major role in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in wheat. Recent advances in wheat genomics have significantly improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Vrn genes (Vrn-1, Vrn-2, Vrn-3, and Vrn-4), unveiling a diverse array of natural allelic variations. In this review, we have examined the current knowledge of Vrn genes from a functional and structural point of view, considering the studies conducted on Vrn alleles at different ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid). The molecular characterization of Vrn-1 alleles has been a focal point, revealing a diverse array of allelic forms with implications for flowering time. We have highlighted the structural complexity of the different allelic forms and the problems linked to the different nomenclature of some Vrn alleles. Addressing these issues will be crucial for harmonizing research efforts and enhancing our understanding of Vrn gene ...
Source: Genes - Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research