Water pipe smoking and stroke: A systematic review and meta ‐analysis

ConclusionsWe found a higher effect of water pipe smoking on stroke compared to cigarette smoking and concluded that water pipe increases the risk of stroke by 2.79. Hence, because most of the water pipe consumer society is young, especially women, policies and decisions need to be taken to control the supply of this tobacco to the market and more provide education on the health problem of water pipe smoking.ImplicationsThis study provides a higher effect of water pipe smoking on stroke. Physicians and researchers who intend to study in the field of stroke should better examine the effects of water pipe (including time of use, dose –response, long-term effects, and risk factors) on stroke.
Source: Brain and Behavior - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research