Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: a Review of Recent Evidence

AbstractPurpose of ReviewOmega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) lower triglycerides, have anti-inflammatory properties, and improve metabolism. Clinical evidence of cardiovascular benefit with omega-3 fatty acids is mixed. We discuss mechanisms providing biological plausibility of benefit of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular risk reduction and review clinical trials investigating the benefits of prescription omega-3 fatty acids in dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and diabetes.Recent FindingsAlthough early trials showed no benefit of omega-3 fatty acids in ASCVD, the REDUCE-IT trial noted significant risk reduction in ASCVD events with highly purified  EPA (icosapent ethyl) use which has changed the landscape for currently available therapeutic options. However, other large trials like STRENGTH and VITAL, which used different formulations of prescription omega-3 fatty acids, did not note significant cardiovascular risk reduction. Thus the effect iveness of omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention is an ongoing topic of debate. A relative paucity of studies examining benefits for glycemic outcomes in persons with diabetes exists; however, few studies have suggested lack of benefit to date.SummarySignificant residual cardiovascular risk exists for individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids are more commonly used for CV risk reduction in these patients. Clinical guideline statements now recommend icosapent eth...

Source: Current Cardiology Reports - February 2, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research