Genes, Vol. 13, Pages 2287: Third-Generation Vaccines: Features of Nucleic Acid Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Their Efficiency

Genes, Vol. 13, Pages 2287: Third-Generation Vaccines: Features of Nucleic Acid Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Their Efficiency Genes doi: 10.3390/genes13122287 Authors: Alanne Rayssa da Silva Melo Larissa Silva de Macêdo Maria da Conceição Viana Invenção Ingrid Andrêssa de Moura Marco Antonio Turiah Machado da Gama Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista Antonio Carlos de Freitas Gene immunization comprises mRNA and DNA vaccines, which stand out due to their simple design, maintenance, and high efficacy. Several studies indicate promising results in preclinical and clinical trials regarding immunization against ebola, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and human papillomavirus (HPV). The efficiency of nucleic acid vaccines has been highlighted in the fight against COVID-19 with unprecedented approval of their use in humans. However, their low intrinsic immunogenicity points to the need to use strategies capable of overcoming this characteristic and increasing the efficiency of vaccine campaigns. These strategies include the improvement of the epitopes’ presentation to the system via MHC, the evaluation of immunodominant epitopes with high coverage against emerging viral subtypes, the use of adjuvants that enhance immunogenicity, and the increase in the efficiency of vaccine transfection. In this review, we provide updates regarding some characteristics, construc...
Source: Genes - Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research