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Total 39 results found since Jan 2013.

How to create a nervous system aneurysm model in canines? ligation of the lingual artery is a simple and effective method
Conclusion: We have established a safe, effective, stable and simple method to establish a canine nervous system aneurysm model with controllable size. In addition, this method has the advantages of no arteriotomy, less trauma, constant anatomical location, and low risk of stroke.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 5, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Embolic occlusion of internal carotid artery in conscious rats: Immediate effects of cerebral ischemia
In a refinement of the embolic clot stroke model, injection of different length blood clots into the internal carotid artery of unanesthetized rats produced graded increases in arterial blood pressure, brain water content, neurological deficits, and infarct volume. The increase in arterial pressure correlated with the eventual volume of infarcted brain tissue. AbstractIn most preclinical models of focal ischemic stroke, vascular occlusion is performed under general anesthesia. However, anesthetic agents exert confounding effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cerebrovascular tone, oxygen demand, and neurotransmitt...
Source: Physiological Reports - February 17, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Thomas J. K. Toung, Noah Mehr, Marek Mirski, Raymond C. Koehler Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Ablation of Calsequestrin-1, Ca2+ unbalance, and susceptibility to heat stroke
Introduction: Ca2+ levels in adult skeletal muscle fibers are mainly controlled by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, a mechanism that translates action potentials in release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) release channels, i.e. the ryanodine receptors type-1 (RyR1). Calsequestrin (Casq) is a protein that binds large amounts of Ca2+ in the lumen of the SR terminal cisternae, near sites of Ca2+ release. There is general agreement that Casq is not only important for the SR ability to store Ca2+, but also for modulating the opening probability of the RyR Ca2+ release channels.The initial studies: About 20 ye...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 12, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiovascular Changes in the Anesthetized Mouse: An Integrated Assessment of in vivo Hemodynamics Under Conditions of Controlled Heart Rate
ConclusionIn conclusion, this in vivo murine model is capable of distinguishing between changes in peripheral vascular and cardiac functions. This study underlines the primary effect of phenylephrine on vascular function with secondary changes to cardiac function. Hence, this in vivo model is useful for the integrated assessment of the cardiovascular system.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 17, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Central Hypovolemia Detection During Environmental Stress —A Role for Artificial Intelligence?
The first step to exercise is preceded by the required assumption of the upright body position, which itself involves physical activity. The gravitational displacement of blood from the chest to the lower parts of the body elicits a fall in central blood volume (CBV), which corresponds to the fraction of thoracic blood volume directly available to the left ventricle. The reduction in CBV and stroke volume (SV) in response to postural stress, post-exercise, or to blood loss results in reduced left ventricular filling, which may manifest as orthostatic intolerance. When termination of exercise removes the leg muscle pump fun...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - December 15, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Effects of Epinephrine During Experimental Hypothermia (32 °C) With Spontaneous Circulation in an Intact Porcine Model
Conclusion: Administration of both 30 ng/kg/min and 90 ng/kg/min at 32°C had a positive inotropic effect and reduced afterload. We found no evidence of increased pro-arrhythmic activity after epinephrine infusion in hypothermic pigs. Our experiment therefore suggests that β₁-receptor stimulation with epinephrine could be a favorable strategy for providing cardiovascular support in hypothermic patients, at core temperatures >32°C.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 6, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Characteristics and physiological basis of falls in ventricular outputs after immediate cord clamping at delivery in preterm fetal lambs
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PMID:34101823 | DOI:10.1113/JP281693
Source: The Journal of Physiology - June 8, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Joseph J Smolich Kelly R Kenna Sarah E Phillips Jonathan P Mynard Michael M M Cheung Gavin W Lambert Source Type: research

Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation
Physiol Rev. 2021 Mar 26. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBrain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure, 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)], 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes...
Source: Physiological Reviews - March 26, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Jurgen A H R Claassen Dick H J Thijssen Ronney B Panerai Frank M Faraci Source Type: research

Feasibility of ventricular volumetry by cardiovascular MRI to assess cardiac function in the fetal sheep.
This study provides evidence to support the reliability of VV in the sheep fetus, providing evidence for its use in animal models of human diseases affecting the fetal circulation. ABSTRACT: The application of ventricular volumetry (VV) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in the fetus remains challenging due to the small size of the fetal heart and high heart rate. The reliability of this technique in utero has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of VV in a fetal sheep model of human pregnancy. Right and left ventricular outputs by stroke volume ...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - May 6, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Cho SKS, Darby JRT, Saini BS, Lock MC, Holman SL, Lim JM, Perumal SR, Macgowan CK, Morrison JL, Seed M Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Real-time imaging of infarction deterioration after ischemic stroke in rats using electrical impedance tomography
This study investigated the feasibility of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for monitoring the deterioration of ischemic lesion after the onset of stroke. Approach : Fifteen rats were randomly distributed into two groups: rats operated to establish a right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ( n = 10), and sham-operated rats ( n = 5). Then, the operated rats were kept 2 h under anesthesia for EIT monitoring. Subsequently, descriptive statistical analysis was performed on whole-brain resistivity changes, and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the average resistivity var...
Source: Physiological Measurement - February 4, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Lu Cao, Haoting Li, Danchen Fu, Xuechao Liu, Hang Ma, Canhua Xu, Xiuzhen Dong, Bin Yang and Feng Fu Source Type: research

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