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NIH study implicates hyperactive immune system in aging brain disorders
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In a study of fruit flies, NIH scientists suggested that the body's immune system may play a critical role in the damage caused by aging brain disorders.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - January 2, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Dynamic flight stability of hovering mosquitoes
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2018Source: Journal of Theoretical BiologyAuthor(s): Longgui Liu, Mao SunAbstractThe flight of mosquitoes is unusual compared with many other insects, such as fruit-flies and honey bees: mosquitoes fly with their legs spread; they also have rather short stroke amplitude, hence use different aerodynamic mechanisms to produce lift. Could their flight-stability properties be different from those of other insects? Here, we first measured wing kinematics and morphological parameters of two hovering mosquitoes, and then use computational fluid dynamics to compute the aerodynamic der...
Source: Journal of Theoretical Biology - December 28, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

How the hummingbird wingbeat is tuned for efficient hovering RESEARCH ARTICLE
Rivers Ingersoll and David Lentink Both hummingbirds and insects flap their wings to hover. Some insects, like fruit flies, improve efficiency by lifting their body weight equally over the upstroke and downstroke, while utilizing elastic recoil during stroke reversal. It is unclear whether hummingbirds converged on a similar elastic storage solution, because of asymmetries in their lift generation and specialized flight muscle apparatus. The muscles are activated a quarter of a stroke earlier than in larger birds, and contract superfast, which cannot be explained by previous stroke-averaged analyses. We measured the aerod...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - October 15, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Ingersoll, R., Lentink, D. Tags: Comparative biomechanics of movement RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Mediterranean-style diet may lower women's stroke risk
(University of East Anglia) Following a Mediterranean-style diet may reduce stroke risk in women over 40 but not in men -- according to new research led by the University of East Anglia.A new report, published today in the American Heart Association's journal Stroke, reveals that a diet high in fish, fruit, vegetables, nuts and beans, and lower in meat and dairy, reduces stroke risk among white adults who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - September 20, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Flying Drosophila melanogaster maintain arbitrary but stable headings relative to the angle of polarized light RESEARCH ARTICLE
In this study, we investigated how the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster selects and maintains a flight heading relative to the axis of linearly polarized light, a visual cue produced by the atmospheric scattering of sunlight. To track flies' headings over extended periods, we used a flight simulator that coupled the angular velocity of dorsally presented polarized light to the stroke amplitude difference of the animals’ wings. In the simulator, most flies actively maintained a stable heading relative to the axis of polarized light for the duration of 15 min flights. We found that individuals selected arbitrary,...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - May 11, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Warren, T. L., Weir, P. T., Dickinson, M. H. Tags: Neuroethology RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Flying Drosophila maintain arbitrary but stable headings relative to the angle of polarized light RESEARCH ARTICLE
In this study, we investigated how the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, selects and maintains a flight heading relative to the axis of linearly polarized light, a visual cue produced by the atmospheric scattering of sunlight. To track flies’ headings over extended periods, we used a flight simulator that coupled the angular velocity of dorsally presented polarized light to the stroke amplitude difference of the animal's wings. In the simulator, most flies actively maintained a stable heading relative to the axis of polarized light for the duration of 15 minute flights. We found that individuals selected arbitrary,...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 28, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Warren, T. L., Weir, P. T., Dickinson, M. H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research