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Temperature constrains locomotion and muscle function in two temperate labrids
This study highlights the physiological stress temperature places on locomotor musculature and its consequences on whole organism locomotion. Cunner and tautog experience temperatures ranging from 0 to 25 °C and enter dormancy at ~10 °C. We aimed to address the question: how do winter temperatures affect steady swimming and muscle contraction kinetics in cunner? Fishes were collected and housed at 5, 10, 15, or 20 °C. Gait transition speed and fin beat frequency were measured at each acclimation temperature. Twitch and tetanus kinetics were recorded from the aerobic locomotor muscle, which is responsible for the p...
Source: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology - October 21, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Reprint of: Marine OMEGA-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Abstract Omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are two classes of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from linoleic acid (18:2ω6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3ω3), respectively. Enzymatic metabolism of linoleic and α-linolenic acids generates arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3; EPA), respectively, both of which are substrates for enzymes that yield eicosanoids with multiple and varying physiological functions. Further elongation and desaturation of EPA yields the 22-carbon fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3; DHA). The main dietary source of EPA and DHA for human cons...
Source: Fitoterapia - April 12, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mori TA Tags: Fitoterapia Source Type: research

Marine OMEGA-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Abstract Omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are two classes of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from linoleic acid (18:2ω6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3ω3), respectively. Enzymatic metabolism of linoleic and α-linolenic acids generates arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3; EPA), respectively, both of which are substrates for enzymes that yield eicosanoids with multiple and varying physiological functions. Further elongation and desaturation of EPA yields the 22-carbon fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3; DHA). The main dietary source of EPA and DHA for human cons...
Source: Fitoterapia - September 27, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mori TA Tags: Fitoterapia Source Type: research

Cardio-Respiratory function during exercise in the cobia, Rachycentron canadum: The impact of crude oil exposure.
In this study, we test this hypothesis by simultaneously measuring cardiovascular performance, oxygen consumption, and swim performance in a pelagic teleost, the cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Metabolic rate increased over 300% in both groups during the swim trial but as the fish approached the critical swim speed (Ucrit) MO2 was 12% lower in the oil exposed fish. Further stroke volume was initially 35% lower while heart rate was 15% higher in the oil exposed compared to control fish. Our findings suggested while aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic function are altered by oil exposure, additional studies are needed to f...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 15, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nelson D, Stieglitz JD, Cox GK, Heuer RM, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Crossley DA Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Dietary and blood selenium are inversely associated with the prevalence of stroke among Inuit in Canada
In conclusion, blood and dietary selenium are reversely associated with the prevalence of stroke in Inuit, which follows an L-shaped relationship. Whether this relationship applies to other population needs further investigation.
Source: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology - September 7, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research