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Recent advances in the structure and activation mechanisms of metabolite-releasing Pannexin 1 channels
Biochem Soc Trans. 2023 Aug 25:BST20230038. doi: 10.1042/BST20230038. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPannexin 1 (PANX1) is a widely expressed large-pore ion channel located in the plasma membrane of almost all vertebrate cells. It possesses a unique ability to act as a conduit for both inorganic ions (e.g. potassium or chloride) and bioactive metabolites (e.g. ATP or glutamate), thereby activating varying signaling pathways in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Given its crucial role in cell-cell interactions, the activity of PANX1 has been implicated in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems....
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - August 25, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yi-Ling Wu Ai-Hsing Yang Yu-Hsin Chiu Source Type: research

Primary astrocytic mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates ischemic stroke
In this study, we observed that treatment with mitochondria isolated from rat primary astrocytes enhanced cell viability and ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-damaged neurons. Interestingly, isolated astrocytic mitochondria increased the number of cells under damaged neuronal conditions, but not under normal conditions, although the mitochondrial transfer efficiency did not differ between the two conditions. This effect was also observed after transplanting astrocytic mitochondria in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These findings suggest that mitochondria transfer therapy can be used to treat acute ischemic strok...
Source: BMB Reports - October 4, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Eun-Hye Lee Minkyung Kim Seung Hwan Kim Chun-Hyung Kim Minhyung Lee Chang-Hwan Park Source Type: research

Integrating serum proteomics and metabolomics to compare the common and distinct features between acute aggressive ischemic stroke (APIS) and acute non-aggressive ischemic stroke (ANPIS)
In this study, we integrated serum proteomics and metabolomics to explore the similarities and differences in pathophysiological processes between APIS and ANPIS. The global metabolic networks have been constructed, and the crucial common pathophysiological processes and the key distinct pathophysiological features between APIS and ANPIS were investigated based on the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites (DEPs/DEMs). Furthermore, pivotal serum proteins (SAA1 and S100A9) were detected in a dependent set to validate the key pathophysiological characteristics, as well as to assess the possibility of them being us...
Source: Journal of Proteomics - April 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Minchao Lai Xiaojun Zhang Danya Zhou Xiaojuan Zhang Mengting Zhu Qingxian Liu Ye Zhang Dian Wang Source Type: research

Neuroprotective effect of heparin Trisulfated disaccharide on ischemic stroke
AbstractCells undergoing hypoxia experience intense cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) overload. High concentrations of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) can trigger cell death in the neural tissue, a hallmark of stroke. Neural Ca2+ homeostasis involves regulation by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Previous data published by our group showed that a product of the enzymatic depolymerization of heparin by heparinase, the unsaturated trisulfated disaccharide (TD; ΔU, 2S-GlcNS, 6S), can accelerate Na+/Ca2+ exchange via NCX, in hepatocytes and aorta vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify whether TD co...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 7, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

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