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West Virginia University Pediatric Stroke Registry: Clinical Description and Risk Factors Identification in Patients From a Rural Area
Conclusion. Patients with the most common risk factors for stroke (cardiac disease) were overrepresented. This suggests that in children receiving medical attention in rural areas less common risk factors for stroke might not be identified, increasing the risk recurrence. Increased index of suspicion is needed about pediatric stroke in rural areas, and early transfer to a tertiary care center for identification of risk factors is mandatory.
Source: Clinical Pediatrics - December 2, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pergami, P., Thayapararajah, S. W., Seemaladinne, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Neonatal Forearm Compartment Syndrome: Look for Cerebral Stroke
A male term newborn presented with a neonatal forearm compartment syndrome together with an ipsilateral cerebral stroke. Pregnancy and delivery were uneventful, except for oligohydramnios. His mother had celiac disease and hypothyroidism. Since birth, he showed a 4-cm bullous-ulcerated lesion on the left volar forearm and elbow fold (, A), with normal pulses, and an ipsilateral upper limb paresis with reduced motility, dropped wrist, no fingers extension, and grasping. Tendon reflexes were normal with Babinski sign bilaterally evident. Radiography showed a mild carpus asymmetry (left left). He had a residual scar on the fo...
Source: The Journal of Pediatrics - November 18, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Elena Pavlidis, Carlotta Spagnoli, Maddalena Duca, Francesca Ormitti, Cinzia Magnani, Francesco Pisani Tags: Insights and Images Source Type: research

Complete occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
We report a case of a 5-year-old girl who developed left hemiparesis and left facial palsy, 6 days after the initiation of fever and respiratory symptoms due to pneumonia. Chest radiography, conducted upon admission, showed pneumonic infiltration and pleural effusion in the left lung field. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed acute ischemic infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory. Brain magnetic resonance angiography and transfemoral cerebral angiography revealed complete occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was identified by a 4-fold increase in IgG antibodies...
Source: Korean Journal of Pediatrics - May 20, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Korean J Pediatr Source Type: research

What Causes Microcephaly?
Discussion Microcephaly is usually defined as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age and ethnicity. Severe microcephaly is used for OFC < 3 standard deviations. Rates of microcephaly range from 0.5-12 patients/10,000 live births. The OFC should be measured at every well child visit and at other opportunities and plotted on standard growth charts. The OFC is measured using a nonelastic tape measure around the largest part of the head with the tape measure held above the eyebrows and ears. It is a highly reproducible measurement. There are several diff...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 25, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

How are Malformations of the Cerebral Cortex Grouped?
Discussion Cerebral cortex development is an extremely complex process overall. Our current understanding is incomplete and constantly changing as our understanding of genetics and the processes each gene controls emerges from scientific research. Neural cells are produced in the subventicular zone of the pallial or dorsal germinal epithelium. They then differentiate and migrate radially or tangentially to the cerebral cortex and organize themselves to function. Malformations of cortical development (MCD) is a heterogeneneous group of disorders that cause defective cortical development. These disorders are broadly catego...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - July 23, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are the Main Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases?
Discussion Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are malformations of the heart and great vessels. It occurs in about 5-8/1000 live births. Cyanotic congenital heart disease is often noted perinatally because of cyanosis, respiratory distress and/or poor feeding or other distress type problems. A review can be found here. Acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) can present at birth but often is seen in older children or adults unless the lesions are severe, especially obstructive lesions. Severe lesions may also cause cyanosis and distress type problems in patients also. Shunting lesions cause problems by diverting blood flo...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - August 17, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news