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Variation of all-cause and cause-specific mortality with body mass index in one million Swedish parent-son pairs: An instrumental variable analysis
ConclusionsConsistent with previous large-scale meta-analyses and reviews, results supported the causal role of higher BMI in increasing the risk of several common causes of death, including cancers with increasing global incidence. We also found positive effects of BMI on mortality from respiratory disease, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, which has been inconsistently reported in the literature, suggesting that the causal role of higher BMI in mortality from these diseases may be underestimated. Furthermore, we expect different patterns of bias in the current observational and IV analyses; therefore, the similarities be...
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 8, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kaitlin H. Wade Source Type: research

Potential health hazards of eating red meat
Abstract Red meat (beef, veal, pork, lamb and mutton) consumption contributes several important nutrients to the diet, for example essential amino acids, vitamins (including B12) and minerals (including iron and zinc). Processed red meat (ham, sausages, bacon, frankfurters, salami, etc.) undergoes treatment (curing, smoking, salting or the use of chemical preservatives and additives) to improve its shelf life and/or taste. During recent decades, consumption of red meat has been increasing globally, especially in developing countries. At the same time, there has been growing evidence that high consumption of red meat, espec...
Source: Journal of Internal Medicine - August 31, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: A. Wolk Tags: Review Source Type: research

Mortality, cardiovascular risk, and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: A systematic review with direct and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and observational studies
Abstract: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone therapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We hypothesized that cardiovascular (CV) risk is different across the various ADT modalities to compare their effects on CV morbidity and mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with PCa. To investigate more in depth potential CV risk heterogeneity focusing on coronary (main outcome) and cerebrovascular risk, CV, and overall mortality. We performed a Medline and Embase query, without language restriction, since 1950 up to July 2014. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies provid...
Source: Medicine - June 1, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Source Type: research

Conservative management for low-risk prostate cancer improves quality-adjusted life expectancy at lower cost compared with initial treatment
Commentary on: Hayes JH, Ollendorf DA, Pearson SD, et al.. Observation versus initial treatment for men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med 2013;158:853–60. Context What is the best treatment for localised prostate cancer? This simple question, for a common disease now affecting about one in six North American men, does not have a clear answer. This is not a ‘normal’ situation in medicine. For most common diseases, including most primary cancers, there is usually a consensus as to the best therapeutic approach. Not so for localised prostate cancer. Surge...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 22, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Klotz, L. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Stroke, Screening (oncology), Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests, Clinical diagnostic tests, Prostate Economic analysis Source Type: research