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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 861 results found since Jan 2013.
Recruiting Control Participants into Stroke Biomarker Studies
AbstractThe number of scientists using –omics technologies to investigate biomarkers with the potential to gauge risk and aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of stroke continues to rise, yet there are few resources to aid investigators in recruiting control participants. In this review, we describe two major strategies to ma tch control participants to a stroke cohort-propensity score matching and one-to-one matching—including statistical approaches to gauge the balance between groups. We then explore the advantages and disadvantages of traditional recruitment methods including approaching spouses of enrolle...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotective Effects of Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 3 in Experimental Stroke
AbstractHistone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been implicated as neurotoxic in several neurodegenerative conditions. However, the role of HDAC3 in ischemic stroke has not been thoroughly explored. We tested the hypothesis that selective inhibition of HDAC3 after stroke affords neuroprotection. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 8/group) were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and randomly selected animals were treated intraperitoneally twice with either vehicle (1% Tween 80) or a selective HDAC3 inhibitor (RGFP966, 10 mg/kg) at 2 and 24 h after MCAO. Long-term behavioral tests were perfo rmed up to 28...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
FasL-PDPK1 Pathway Promotes the Cytotoxicity of CD8 + T Cells During Ischemic Stroke
AbstractCD8+ T cells are recognized as key players in exacerbation of ischemic stroke; however, the underlying mechanism in modulating the function of CD8+ T cells has not been completely elucidated. Here, we uncovered that FasL enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells to neurons after ischemic stroke. Inactivation of FasL specific on CD8+ T cells protected against brain damage and neuron loss. Proteomic analysis identified that PDPK1 functioned downstream of FasL signaling and inhibition of PDPK1 effectively reduced cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells and improved ischemic neurological deficits. Taken together, these results hi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Methylprednisolone Reduces Persistent Post-ischemic Inflammation in a Rat Hypoxia-Ischemia Model of Perinatal Stroke
In conclusion, we demonstrated that administration of MPSS during the tertiary phase of perinatal stroke results in attenuation of the chroni c inflammatory response, leading to pathophysiological and functional recovery. This work validates the high clinical impact of MPSS to treat neonatal conditions linked to chronic inflammation.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 4, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Uric Acid and Gluconic Acid as Predictors of Hyperglycemia and Cytotoxic Injury after Stroke
AbstractHyperglycemia is a feature of worse brain injury after acute ischemic stroke, but the underlying metabolic changes and the link to cytotoxic brain injury are not fully understood. In this observational study, we applied regression and machine learning classification analyses to identify metabolites associated with hyperglycemia and a neuroimaging proxy for cytotoxic brain injury. Metabolomics and lipidomics were carried out using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in admission plasma samples from 381 patients presenting with an acute stroke. Glucose was measured by a central clinical laboratory, and a s...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Key Regulator of Necroptosis, RIP1 Kinase, Contributes to the Formation of Astrogliosis and Glial Scar in Ischemic Stroke
AbstractNecroptosis initiation relies on the receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1K). We recently reported that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of RIP1K produces protection against ischemic stroke-induced astrocytic injury. However, the role of RIP1K in ischemic stroke-induced formation of astrogliosis and glial scar remains unknown. Here, in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model and an oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/Re)-induced astrocytic injury model, we show that RIP1K was significantly elevated in the reactive astrocytes. Knockdown of RIP1K or delayed adminis...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Natural Killer Cells Are Present in Rag1 −/− Mice and Promote Tissue Damage During the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke
AbstractRag1−/− mice, lacking functional B and T cells, have been extensively used as an adoptive transfer model to evaluate neuroinflammation in stroke research. However, it remains unknown whether natural killer (NK) cell development and functions are altered in Rag1−/− mice as well. This connection has been rarely discussed in previous studies but might have important implications for data interpretation. In contrast, the NOD-Rag1nullIL2rgnull (NRG) mouse model is devoid of NK cells and might therefore eliminate this potential shortcoming. Here, we compare immune-cell frequencies as well as phenotype and effecto...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neurological Instability in Ischemic Stroke: Relation with Outcome, Latency Time, and Molecular Markers
AbstractThe National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is commonly used to evaluate stroke neurological deficits and to predict the patient ’s outcome. Neurological instability (NI), defined as the variation of the NIHSS in the first 48 h, is a simple clinical metric that reflects dynamic changes in the area of the brain affected by the ischemia. We hypothesize that NI may represent areas of cerebral instability known as penumbra, wh ich could expand or reduce brain injury and its associated neurological sequels. In this work, our aim was to analyze the association of NI with the functional outcome at 3 months ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Development of Machine Learning Models to Predict Probabilities and Types of Stroke at Prehospital Stage: the Japan Urgent Stroke Triage Score Using Machine Learning (JUST-ML)
AbstractIn conjunction with recent advancements in machine learning (ML), such technologies have been applied in various fields owing to their high predictive performance. We tried to develop prehospital stroke scale with ML. We conducted multi-center retrospective and prospective cohort study. The training cohort had eight centers in Japan from June 2015 to March 2018, and the test cohort had 13 centers from April 2019 to March 2020. We use the three different ML algorithms (logistic regression, random forests, XGBoost) to develop models. Main outcomes were large vessel occlusion (LVO), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), suba...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 14, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Carboxypeptidase U (TAFIa) Is Rapidly Activated and Deactivated Following Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients
AbstractThe antifibrinolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase U (CPU, TAFIa, CPB2) is an appealing target for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Increased insights in CPU activation and inactivation during thrombolysis (rtPA) with or without endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are required to develop CPU inhibitors as profibrinolytic agents with optimal benefits/risks. Therefore, CPU kinetics during ischemic stroke treatment were evaluated. AIS patients with documented cerebral artery occlusion receiving rtPA (N = 20) or rtPA + EVT (N = 16) were included. CPU activation during thrombolysis was measured by an ultr...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Fronto-Parietal and White Matter Haemodynamics Predict Cognitive Outcome in Children with Moyamoya Independent of Stroke
We examined the relationship between regional haemodynamics and ratings of intellectual ability and executive function, using hypercapnic challenge blood oxygen level –dependent magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrovascular reactivity in a consecutive cohort of children with confirmed moyamoya. Thirty children were included in the final analysis (mean age: 12.55 ± 3.03 years, 17 females, 15 idiopathic moyamoya and 15 syndromic moyamoya). Frontal haemodyna mics were abnormal in all regardless of stroke history and comorbidity, but occipital lobe haemodynamics were also abnormal in children with syndromic moyamoya. E...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Atorvastatin-Loaded PEGylated Liposome
AbstractThere is insufficient evidence on the effect of nanoparticles, particularly liposomes loaded with a statin, on acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the impact of atorvastatin-loaded PEG (polyethylene glycol) conjugated liposomes (LipoStatin) on the outcomes in rats with cerebral ischemia –reperfusion. PEGylated liposome loaded with atorvastatin was developed as a nanoparticle to specifically accumulate in an ischemic region and release the drug to ameliorate the harmful effects of the stroke. LipoStatin was administered to rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion throu gh the tail vein immediately a...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Implications of Post-recanalization Perfusion Deficit After Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Scoping Review of Clinical and Preclinical Imaging Studies
AbstractThe goal of reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is to restore cerebral blood flow through recanalization of the occluded vessel. Unfortunately, successful recanalization does not always result in favorable clinical outcome. Post-recanalization perfusion deficits (PRPDs), constituted by cerebral hypo- or hyperperfusion, may contribute to lagging patient recovery rates, but its clinical significance remains unclear. This scoping review provides an overview of clinical and preclinical findings on post-ischemic reperfusion, aiming to elucidate the pattern and consequences of PRPD from a translational pe...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke
AbstractInjuries in the developing brain cause significant long-term neurological deficits. Emerging clinical and preclinical data have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of neonatal and childhood stroke share similar mechanisms that regulate brain damage, but also have distinct molecular signatures and cellular pathways. The focus of this review is on two different diseases —neonatal and childhood stroke—with emphasis on similarities and distinctions identified thus far in rodent models of these diseases. This includes the susceptibility of distinct cell types to brain injury with particular emphasis on the role of...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Environmental Enrichment in Stroke Research: an Update
AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) refers to different forms of stimulation, where the environment is designed to improve the levels of sensory, cognitive, and motor stimuli, inducing stroke recovery in animal models. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability among older adults, hence the importance of developing strategies to improve recovery for such patients. This review provides an update on recent findings, compiling information regarding the parameters affected by EE exposure in both preclinical and clinical studies. During stroke recovery, EE exposure has been shown to improve both the co...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
