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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 861 results found since Jan 2013.
Brain-Targeting Emodin Mitigates Ischemic Stroke via Inhibiting AQP4-Mediated Swelling and Neuroinflammation
In this study, we aimed to achieve brain-targeted delivery of emodin to maximize its therapeutic efficacy and elucidate the mechanisms by which emodin alleviates ischemic stroke. A polyethylene glycol (PEG)/cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD)-modified liposome was used to encapsulate emodin. TTC, HE, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of brain-targeting emodin in MCAO and OGD/R models. Inflammatory cytokine levels were determined using ELISA. Immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR were utilized for clarifying the changes in key downstream signaling. Lentivirus...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Central IRF4/5 Signaling Are Critical for Microglial Activation and Impact on Stroke Outcomes
AbstractMicroglia and monocytes play a critical role in immune responses to cerebral ischemia. Previous studies have demonstrated that interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and IRF5 direct microglial polarization after stroke and impact outcomes. However, IRF4/5 are expressed by both microglia and monocytes, and it is not clear if it is the microglial (central) or monocytic (peripheral) IRF4-IRF5 regulatory axis that functions in stroke. In this work, young (8 –12 weeks) male pep boy (PB), IRF4 or IRF5 flox, and IRF4 or IRF5 conditional knockout (CKO) mice were used to generate 8 types of bone marrow chimeras, to differ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Recombinant T Cell Receptor Ligand Treatment Improves Neurological Outcome in the Presence of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Experimental Ischemic Stroke
Abstract
RTL1000 is a partial human MHC molecule coupled to a human myelin peptide. We previously demonstrated that RTL1000 was protective against experimental ischemic stroke in HLA-DR2 transgenic (DR2-Tg) mice. Since thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a standard therapy for stroke, we determined if RTL1000 efficacy is altered when combined with t-PA in experimental stroke. Male DR2-Tg mice underwent 60 min of intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). t-PA or vehicle was infused intravenously followed by either a single or four daily subcutaneous injections of RTL10...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Variation in Behavioral Deficits and Patterns of Recovery After Stroke Among Different Rat Strains
In this study, we evaluate long-term outcome from stroke in three different rat strains. Lewis, Wistar, and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion and survived for up to 49 days. Behavioral tests were performed weekly. There was continuous assessment of rotational/circling activity in the home cage by use of an automated software program. A separate group of animals was sacrificed at 24 h to determine infarct volume. Infarct volume was similar in all three strains. Mortality was significantly higher in SD rats (P < 0.001). Rotational/circling activity at 24 h was correlate...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Glycemic Variability and Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Missing Link?
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is commonly encountered in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients in acute ischemic stroke. Hyperglycemia in stroke has been associated with poor clinical outcome, a phenomenon that has been studied in experimental models, where hyperglycemia was shown to enhance cortical toxicity, increase infarct volumes, promote inflammation, and affect the cerebral vasculature. This has led to many trials attempting to modulate the hyperglycemic response as a therapeutic and neuroprotective strategy. Intensive glycemic control has been evaluated in stroke patients, with conflicting results. The evidenc...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 30, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Biomarkers Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaques in Long-Term Survivors of Ischemic Stroke
Abstract
Lifestyle risk factors, inflammation and genetics play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. We therefore studied Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms, interleukin (IL)-10 polymorphisms and other biomarkers related to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with ischemic stroke at a young age. Patients were evaluated 12 years after stroke occurrence. Patients (n = 232) 49 years of age or younger with an index stroke between 1988 and 1997 were retrospectively selected. Blood samples were taken at a first follow-up 6 years after the stroke. At a second follow-up, additional arter...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 7, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Ischemic Stroke of Different Etiologies Have Distinct Alternatively Spliced mRNA Profiles in the Blood: a Pilot RNA-seq Study
Abstract
Whole transcriptome studies have used 3′-biased expression microarrays to study genes regulated in the blood of stroke patients. However, alternatively spliced messenger RNA isoforms have not been investigated for ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in animals or humans. Alternative splicing is the mechanism whereby different combinations of exons of a single gene produce distinct mRNA and protein isoforms. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to determine if alternative splicing differs for ICH and cardioembolic, large vessel and lacunar causes of ischemic stroke compared to controls. R...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Intranasal Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 as Neuroprotectants in Acute Ischemic Stroke
We present the theoretical background and pathophysiologic mechanisms, animal and human studies of intranasal insulin and IGF-1, and the safety and feasibility of intranasal route for medication administration to the CNS.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 4, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Translating G-CSF as an Adjunct Therapy to Stem Cell Transplantation for Stroke
Abstract
Among recently investigated stroke therapies, stem cell treatment holds great promise by virtue of their putative ability to replace lost cells, promote endogenous neurogenesis, and produce behavioral and functional improvement through their “bystander effects.” Translating stem cell in the clinic, however, presents a number of technical difficulties. A strategy suggested to enhance therapeutic utility of stem cells is combination therapy, i.e., co-transplantation of stem cells or adjunct treatment with pharmacological agents and substrates, which is assumed to produce more profound therapeutic benefi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 20, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Various Cell Populations Within the Mononuclear Fraction of Bone Marrow Contribute to the Beneficial Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Therapy in a Rodent Stroke Model
Abstract
Cell-based therapies including bone-marrow derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) are now widely being studied because of their pleotropic effects and promising results to improve recovery after stroke in animal models. Unlike other types of cell therapies, MNCs is a mixture of lymphoid, myeloid, erythroid, and stem cell populations. Which cell population(s) accounts for the beneficial effects of MNCs in stroke recovery is unclear. In this paper, we employed a mouse stroke model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and used positively and negatively sorted autologous MNCs by MACs to determine which fra...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Spontaneous and Therapeutic-Induced Mechanisms of Functional Recovery After Stroke
Abstract
With increasing rates of survival throughout the past several years, stroke remains one of the leading causes of adult disability. Following the onset of stroke, spontaneous mechanisms of recovery at the cellular, molecular, and systems levels ensue. The degree of spontaneous recovery is generally incomplete and variable among individuals. Typically, the best recovery outcomes entail the restitution of function in injured but surviving neural matter. An assortment of restorative therapies exists or is under development with the goal of potentiating restitution of function in damaged areas or in nearby ips...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
cPKC γ-Modulated Autophagy in Neurons Alleviates Ischemic Injury in Brain of Mice with Ischemic Stroke Through Akt-mTOR Pathway
In this study, the adult and postnatal 24 h C57BL/6J wild-type (cPKCγ+/+) and cPKC γ knockout (cPKCγ−/−) mice were respectively used to establish the models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated primarily cultured cortical neurons as cell ischemia in vitro. The results showed that cPKC γ knockout could increase the infarct volume and neuronal cell loss in the peri-infarct region, and enhance the neurological deficits, the impaired coordination, and the reduced muscle strength of mice following 1 h MCAO/1–7 days reperfusion. Mean...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Anesthesia in Experimental Stroke Research
AbstractAnesthetics have enabled major advances in development of experimental models of human stroke. Yet, their profound pharmacologic effects on neural function can confound the interpretation of experimental stroke research. Anesthetics have species-, drug-, and dose-specific effects on cerebral blood flow and metabolism, neurovascular coupling, autoregulation, ischemic depolarizations, excitotoxicity, inflammation, neural networks, and numerous molecular pathways relevant for stroke outcome. Both preconditioning and postconditioning properties have been described. Anesthetics also modulate systemic arterial blood pres...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Post-stroke Therapeutic Regimen with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids that Promotes White Matter Integrity and Beneficial Microglial Responses after Cerebral Ischemia
AbstractWhite matter injury induced by ischemic stroke elicits sensorimotor impairments, which can be further deteriorated by persistent proinflammatory responses. We previously reported that delayed and repeated treatments with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) improve spatial cognitive functions and hippocampal integrity after ischemic stroke. In the present study, we report a post-stroke n-3 PUFA therapeutic regimen that not only confers protection against neuronal loss in the gray matter but also promotes white matter integrity. Beginning 2 h after 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), mic...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Enhances Effectiveness Rt-PA Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Associated with Ameliorating Blood-Brain Barrier Damage
AbstractTreatment with sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) may ameliorate blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis and improve stroke patients ’ outcome. This randomized, single-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of STS. Forty-two acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis were randomized to intravenous administration either with STS (60 mg/ day) (n = 21) or with equivalent volume of saline as a placebo (n = 21) after rand...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
