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Source: Metabolic Brain Disease

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Total 151 results found since Jan 2013.

Improving the translation of animal ischemic stroke studies to humans
Abstract Despite testing more than 1,026 therapeutic strategies in models of ischemic stroke and 114 therapies in human ischemic stroke, only one agent tissue plasminogen activator has successfully been translated to clinical practice as a treatment for acute stroke. Though disappointing, this immense body of work has led to a rethinking of animal stroke models and how to better translate therapies to patients with ischemic stroke. Several recommendations have been made, including the STAIR recommendations and statements of RIGOR from the NIH/NINDS. In this commentary we discuss additional aspects that may be imp...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - March 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prognostic significance of major lipids in patients with acute ischemic stroke
AbstractAlthough dyslipidemia increases the risk for ischemic stroke, previous studies reported conflicting data regarding the association between lipid levels and stroke severity and outcome. To evaluate the predictive value of major lipids in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We prospectively studied 790 consecutive patients who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke (41.0  % males, age 79.4 ± 6.8 years). The severity of stroke was assessed at admission with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Moderate/severe stroke was defined as NIHSS ≥5. The outcome was assessed with dependency rates at...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - October 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Chromium supplementation improved post-stroke brain infarction and hyperglycemia
In this study, we investigated whether post-stroke hyperglycemia involved chromium dynamic mobilization in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia and whether dietary supplement of chromium improved post-stroke injury and alterations. Stroke rats developed brain infarction, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Post-stroke hyperglycemia was accompanied by elevated secretion of counter-regulatory hormones including glucagon, corticosterone, and norepinephrine, decreased insulin signaling in skeletal muscles, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Correlation studies revealed ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - October 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mechanisms in blood-brain barrier opening and metabolism-challenged cerebrovascular ischemia with emphasis on ischemic stroke
AbstractStroke is the leading cause of disability among adults as well as the 2nd leading cause of death globally. Ischemic stroke accounts for about 85% of strokes, and currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), whose therapeutic window is limited to up to 4.5 h for the appropriate population, is the only FDA approved drug in practice and medicine. After a stroke, a cascade of pathophysiological events results in the opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through which further complications, disabilities, and mortality are likely to threaten the patient ’s health. Strikingly, tPA administration in eligible patient...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - April 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Apolipoprotein A1, B levels, and their ratio and the risk of a first stroke: a meta-analysis and case–control study
Abstract The associations of levels of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B and ApoB/A1 ratio and risk of a first stroke have not been reliably documented. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the relationships and confirmed them in a case–control study. We identified relevant publications in PubMed and Embase databases up to June 1, 2015. A Dersimonian-Laird random effects model was used to compute summary relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). A case–control study was conducted in a southern Chinese population. We included 8 cohort and 4 case–control studies (222,774 sub...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - November 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Sex differences and the role of PPAR alpha in experimental stroke
Abstract Males and females respond differently to stroke. Moreover, females often experience worse long-term stroke outcomes. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist has been shown to improve stroke outcome and resolve neuroinflammation in male mice. The present study compares the effect of pretreatment with fenofibrate versus vehicle control in male and female mice during experimental stroke. Mice were treated with low-dose fenofibrate 30 min before and once a day for three additional days after stroke onset. We observed a reduction in infarct volume in male mice 96 h p...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - May 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pre-micro RNA polymorphism detection in small versus large vessel disease in stroke Egyptian patients
AbstractStroke is the main cause of adult disability and is responsible for around 11% of deaths all over the world. Ischemic stroke encompasses about 80 –85% of total stroke cases. Several studies have shown the relation between microRNAs polymorphism and ischemic stroke. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of three common single nucleotide polymorphisms in pre-miRNAs (hsa-miR-146a/rs2910164, hsa-miR-196a2/rs11614913 and hsa-miR-499 /rs3746444) on individual susceptibility to the risk of ischemic stroke subtypes in Egyptian population with 117 ischemic stroke patients. Results showed that hsa-miR-146a/rs2...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - April 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

High serum complement component C4 as a unique predictor of unfavorable outcomes in diabetic stroke
In this study, the association of serum complement levels with the prognosis of diabetic stroke was examined. Patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited and were divided into two groups according to their history of diabetes. Baseline data on the admission, including C3 and C4 were collected. Neurologic function at discharge was the primary outcome and was quantified by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). A total of 426 patients with acute ischemic stroke (116 diabetic strokes and 310 non-diabetic strokes) were recruited in this study. There were significant differences between the two groups in...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - September 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment associated with stroke
AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death after coronary heart disease in developed countries and is the greatest cause of disability and cognitive impairment. Risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia after stroke are multifactorial including older age, family history, hypertension, arterial fibrillation, diabetes, genetic variants, low educational status, vascular comorbidities, prior transient ischaemic attack or recurrent stroke, depressive illness duration of a stroke, location, volume, intensity, and degree of neuronal degeneration, location and size of infarction after stroke, time interval after ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - January 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Impact of miR-200b and miR-495 variants on the risk of large-artery atherosclerosis stroke
AbstractSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of microRNAs (miRNAs) may alter miRNA transcription, maturation and target specificity, thus affecting stroke susceptibility. We aimed to investigate whether miR-200b and miR-495 SNPs may be associated with ischemic stroke (IS) risk and further explore underlying mechanisms including related genes and pathways. MiR-200b rs7549819 and miR-495 rs2281611 polymorphisms were genotyped among 712 large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke patients and 1,076 controls in a case –control study. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to explore potential association of miR-200b/495 with ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - November 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association between hyperhomocysteinemia and stroke with atherosclerosis and small artery occlusion depends on homocysteine metabolism-related vitamin levels in Chinese patients with normal renal function
This study was conducted to investigate the role of different homocysteine metabolism-related vitamin (HMRV) levels in the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and ischemic stroke (IS) subtypes. Three hundred and forty-eight IS patients manifesting different vascular subtypes were subclassified on the basis of HMRV deficiencies. Correlation between HHCY and IS subtypes was investigated in all the subgroups. In this study, HHCY was significantly correlated with the IS subtypes in large artery atherosclerosis (OR 1.126, 95%CI: 1.051  ~ 1.206,P = 0.001) and small artery occlusion (OR 1.105, 95%CI: 1.023 ~ 1.1...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - March 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Insulin resistance in ischemic stroke
AbstractInsulin resistance often refers to a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond to the normal actions of insulin. Increasing literature has noted a critical role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke via enhancing advanced changes of atherosclerosis. A variety of literature indicates that insulin resistance enhances platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation which are conducive to the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Insulin resistance also induces hemodynamic disturbances and contributes to the ons...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - June 21, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research