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Source: Metabolic Brain Disease

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Total 151 results found since Jan 2013.

Interleukin-13 ameliorates postischemic hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia in rat model of stroke
AbstractHyperglycemia is a well-known indicator of stroke prognosis, and one-third of nondiabetic patients develop postischemic hyperglycemia during the acute phase of stroke; this is related to relatively poor prognosis, high mortality, and impaired neurological recovery. Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a member of the Th2 cytokine family, is involved in both the regulation of immune response and glucose metabolism. Thus, we investigated the mechanism of postischemic hyperglycemia and the role of IL-13 by using a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Our results indicated that postischemic hyperglycemia was...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - July 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Knowledge about the characteristics of stroke-like lesions is expandable
AbstractStroke-like episodes (SLEs) are a common phenotypic feature of various syndromic and non-syndromic  mitochondrial disorders (MIDs), particularly of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode syndrome (MELAS). The morphological equivalent of a SLE is the stroke-like lesion (SLE), a dynamic lesion, which initially expands to regress after weeks or months. SLLs present with typical morphological and structural abnormalities on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and FDG-PET. It is crucial to clearly delineate SLLs from ischemic stroke, as...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Phoenixin-20 ameliorates brain infarction by promoting microglia M2 polarization in an ischemic stroke model
In this study, we found that administration of Phoenixin-20 in ischemic stroke middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice significantly reduced the brain infarction area but improved the neurological deficit score. Gene expression analysis showed Phoenixin-20 treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory M1 phase microglial markers: a cluster of differentiation molecule 11b (CD11b), cluster of differentiation molecule 86 (CD86), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and increased anti-inflammatory M2 phase markers (found in Inflammatory Zone 1 (FIZZ1), Arginase 1 (Arg...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - March 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist improved brain injury and impaired glucose metabolism in a rat model of ischemic stroke
AbstractVagus nerve stimulation through the action of acetylcholine can modulate inflammatory responses and metabolism. α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (α7nAChR) is a key component in the biological functions of acetylcholine. To further explore the health benefits of vagus nerve stimulation, this study aimed to investigate whether α7nAChR agonists offer beneficial effects against poststroke inflammatory and m etabolic changes and to identify the underlying mechanisms in a rat model of stroke established by permanent cerebral ischemia. We found evidence showing that pretreatment with α7nAChR agonist, GTS-21, improv...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - January 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

On improving human clinical trials to the level of animal ischemic stroke studies
Abstract This is a response to Jickling and Sharp’s paper discussing the near-complete failure of clinical trials for stroke interventions. While they propose a paradigm shift in the way preclinical research is conducted, I propose that it is clinical trial design that needs an overhaul. Clinical trials could be designed to reduce variance, prevent data entry errors, and encompass less ambitious enrollment criteria limited to fewer centers which have demonstrated expertise in the treatment of stroke (and TBI). Statistical fundamentalism is another soluble problem: clinical trial designs tend to address what is ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - March 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A metabonomic investigation on the biochemical perturbation in post-stroke patients with depressive disorder (PSD)
Abstract A metabonomics study based on GC/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was performed involving 28 post stroke depressed (PSD) patients, 27 post-stroke non-depressed (PSND) patients and 33 healthy subjects to investigate the biochemical perturbation in their plasma samples. The outcome of this study showed that there was distinctive metabolic profile for PSD patients. Seven sentinel metabolites showed marked perturbations in PSD patients' blood. The introduction of metabonomics approach may provide a novel metabonomic insight about PSD and the sentinel metabolites for classifying PSD.
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - November 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Plasminogen activator inhibitor links obesity and thrombotic cerebrovascular diseases: The roles of PAI-1 and obesity on stroke
This article reviews contemporary knowledge regarding the complex interplay of obesity, PAI-1 and stroke.
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - April 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Immune-inflammatory, oxidative stress and biochemical biomarkers predict short-term acute ischemic stroke death
In conclusion, activation of peripheral immune-inflammatory, oxidative and biochemical pathways is critically associated with mortality after AIS. Our results may contribute to identify new biomarker sets, which may predict post- stroke death, as well as suggest that IL-6 trans-signaling coupled with redox imbalances may be possible new targets in the prevention of short-term outcome AIS death.
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - March 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The role of non-coding RNAs in neuroprotection and angiogenesis following ischemic stroke
AbstractStroke is the leading cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are endogenous molecules that play key roles in the pathophysiology and retrieval processes following ischemic stroke. The potential of ncRNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in neuroprotection and angiogenesis highlights their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we document the miRNAs and lncRNAs that have been reported to exert regulatory actions in neuroprotective and angiogenic processes through different mechanisms involving their interaction with tar...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The salvageable brain in acute ischemic stroke. The concept of a reverse mismatch: a mini-review
AbstractRecent studies have opened a new era in treatment of acute ischemic stroke, enabling thrombolysis or thrombectomy far beyond the standard therapeutic “time windows”. These therapeutic protocols are built on various combinations of perfusion parameters, lesion volume, and neurological assessment. However, on top of the brain perfusion, there are other multiple factors that might modify the probability of neuronal apoptosis and necrosis followi ng focal cerebral ischemia. We hypothesize that a diagnostic approach with measurements of selected biochemical parameters in the brain, in addition to those based solely ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - December 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke-like episodes in OPA1 carriers require comprehensive work-up and therapeutic considerations
AbstractThis is a letter to the Editor concerning the recently published article by Zerem et al. The paper described a 12yo female with multisystem mitochondrial disorder (MID) due to the compound heterozygous variants c.1963_1964dupAT and p.Ile382Met inOPA1 manifesting phenotypically with congenital nystagmus, developmental delay, visual impairment, gait ataxia, epilepsy, a stroke-like episode (SLE) with encephalopathy and vomiting, and hearing impairment. This interesting case could be more meaningful by providing more information about the treatment of the SLE/stroke-like lesion (SLL), about the morphological characteri...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - January 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Lower uric acid level may be associated with hemorrhagic transformation but not functional outcomes in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy
AbstractTo determine the correlation of uric acid (UA) with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and poor short-term functional outcomes in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). A retrospective analysis was conducted for anterior circulation AIS patients who underwent EVT at our hospital from 2015 to 2019. HT within 72  h was documented according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II Classification. Baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory data were compared between the HT and non-HT groups, and between patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - July 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MTHFR (C677T, A1298C), FV Leiden polymorphisms, and the prothrombin G20210A mutation in arterial ischemic stroke among young tunisian adults
In conclusion, our study confi rmed the involvement of MTHFR polymorphisms as AIS’s important risk factors. The existence of FVL polymorphism or prothrombin G20210A mutation alone doesn’t correlate with the occurrence of stroke. We assume that the presence of both MTHFR and FVL polymorphisms has a synergistic effect and incre ased the risk of the AIS.
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - January 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research