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Motor control of handwriting in the developing brain: A review.
Abstract This review focuses on the acquisition of writing motor aspects in adults, and in 5-to 12-year-old children without learning disabilities. We first describe the behavioural aspects of adult writing and dominant models based on the notion of motor programs. We show that handwriting acquisition is characterized by the transition from reactive movements programmed stroke-by-stroke in younger children, to an automatic control of the whole trajectory when the motor programs are memorized at about 10 years old. Then, we describe the neural correlates of adult writing, and the changes that could occur with learn...
Source: Cognitive Neuropsychology - September 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Palmis S, Danna J, Velay JL, Longcamp M Tags: Cogn Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Cultural entrainment of motor skill development: Learning to write hiragana in Japanese primary school
Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine how the social norms shared in a classroom environment influence the development of movement dynamics of handwriting of children who participate in the environment. To look into this issue, the following aspects of the entire period of classroom learning of hiragana letters in Japanese 1st graders who had just entered primary school were studied: First, the structure of classroom events and the specific types of interaction and learning within such environment were described. Second, in the experiment involving 6‐year‐old children who participated in the class, writi...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - June 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tetsushi Nonaka Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Use of the parallel beam task for skilled walking in a rat model of cerebral ischemia: A qualitative approach
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2017 Source:Learning and Motivation Author(s): Brian Ficiur, Jamshid Faraji, Gerlinde A.S. Metz The parallel beam task (PBT), in which animals walk across two elevated parallel beams, is commonly used to assess motor deficits in laboratory rodents. Performance of the PBT challenges postural balance, inter-limb coordination and skilled walking abilities, and is typically assessed by quantitative measures such as number of foot slips and/or successful traversals. We proposed that including qualitative movement analysis of skilled walking would increase resolution and sensitivity ...
Source: Learning and Motivation - January 2, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Impairment of brain plasticity by brain inflammation.
The ability to learn and the ability to reshape brain circuits are regarded as some of the most remarkable and important features of the brain. This ability declines with age due to largely unknown reasons, and it also is altered following stroke. Brain aging is associated with a progressive increase of the levels of inflammatory cytokine in the brain. Likewise, stroke causes pronounced increases of inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Following stroke, plasticity of the cortical representation following sensory deprivation and visualized with [14C]-2-deoxyglucose autoradiography is impaired for several weeks. Likewise, pl...
Source: Zeitschrift fur Psychologie - August 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Witte, Otto W.; Kossut, Malgorzata Source Type: research

Task-appropriate visualizations: Can the very same visualization format either promote or hinder learning depending on the task requirements?
In a series of experiments, we tested a recently proposed hypothesis stating that the degree of alignment between the form of a mental representation resulting from learning with a particular visualization format and the specific requirements of a learning task determines learning performance (task-appropriateness). Groups of participants were required to learn the stroke configuration, the stroke order, or the stroke directions of a set of Chinese pseudocharacters. For each learning task, participants were divided into groups receiving dynamic, static-sequential, or static visualizations. An old/new character recognition ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Soemer, Alexander; Schwan, Stephan Source Type: research

The multiple validities of neuropsychological assessment.
This article discusses construct and criterion validity of neuropsychological tests, as well as assessment validity, which allows determination of whether an individual examinee is producing valid test results. Factor analyses identify 6 domains of abilities. Tests of learning and memory and processing speed are most sensitive to presence of brain dysfunction in both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tests of processing speed, working memory, verbal symbolic functions, and visuoperceptual and visuospatial judgment and problem solving are sensitive to the severity of TBI and AD, as well as to the ...
Source: American Psychologist - November 30, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Larrabee, Glenn J. Source Type: research

Preliminary Evidence of Disparities in Physical Activity among Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder
Conclusions Frontal-executive dysfunction implicates frontal brain regions, which are known to be susceptible to oxidative damage. Further studies are needed, and those examining psychiatric populations may be especially fruitful. Focusing on youth may yield enhanced signal detection. Further study is needed to identify which antioxidant interventions work best for which cognitive functions and for which patients.
Source: Mental Health and Physical Activity - May 10, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A Shot to Avoid a Heart Attack or Stroke? Yep…the Flu Shot!
Sure, the flu shot protects you from the seasonal flu. But did you know that the flu shot protects you from heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular crises? Learn why you need to roll up your sleeve at this time every year, not only to prevent the flu, but also to protect your heart and brain!read more
Source: Psychology Today Work Center - November 20, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Peter Edelstein, M.D. Tags: Health Integrative Medicine Self-Help Work flu heart attack preventative health stroke vaccination Source Type: news

Test Validity and Performance Validity: Considerations in Providing a Framework for Development of an Ability-Focused Neuropsychological Test Battery.
Abstract Literature on test validity and performance validity is reviewed to propose a framework for specification of an ability-focused battery (AFB). Factor analysis supports six domains of ability: first, verbal symbolic; secondly, visuoperceptual and visuospatial judgment and problem solving; thirdly, sensorimotor skills; fourthly, attention/working memory; fifthly, processing speed; finally, learning and memory (which can be divided into verbal and visual subdomains). The AFB should include at least three measures for each of the six domains, selected based on various criteria for validity including sensitivi...
Source: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology - October 3, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Larrabee GJ Tags: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Assessment and Functional Impact of Allocentric Neglect: A Reminder from a Case Study.
We report here that SR suffers from both viewer-centered (i.e., egocentric) and object-centered (i.e., allocentric) spatial neglect. Notably, unlike most neuropsychological and functional assessments that focus on egocentric deficits, a specialized neuropsychological figurative discrimination test (the Apples test) revealed SR's allocentric neglect. Further, using assessments sensitive to detect functional deficits related to allocentric neglect, we observed SR's difficulty in reading and using clocks, reflecting his object-centered errors in these everyday activities. SR's case suggests that allocentric-specific assessmen...
Source: The Clinical Neuropsychologist - April 8, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Shah PP, Spaldo N, Barrett AM, Chen P Tags: Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: research

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