Measurement of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone in the hair of children: Preliminary results and promising indications
AbstractHormone analysis is a valuable tool for understanding how physiology and behavior interact. Cortisol in hair has recently been examined as a measure of longer ‐term hormone output. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between other androgens in hair and anthropometric measures. In a child sample (n = 114, mean age: 8.5 years, 66 females) levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone were assayed in the 0–3 cm section proximal to scalp. The 3–6 cm segment within a subsample of female participants (n = 35) was examined and compared. Results showed that testoster...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jesse D. Smith, Katherine A. Johnson, Sarah Whittle, Nicholas B. Allen, Julian G. Simmons Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research

Longitudinal associations between conflict monitoring and emergent academic skills: An event ‐related potentials study
AbstractIdentifying the links between specific cognitive functions and emergent academic skills can help determine pathways to support both early academic performance and later academic achievement. Here, we investigated the longitudinal associations between a key aspect of cognitive control,conflict monitoring, and emergent academic skills from preschool through first grade, in a large sample of socioeconomically diverse children (N = 261). We recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) during a Go/No‐Go task. The neural index of conflict monitoring, ΔN2, was defined as larger N2 mean amplitudes for No‐Go versus Go ...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elif Isbell, Susan D. Calkins, Veronica T. Cole, Margaret M. Swingler, Esther M. Leerkes Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Negative parenting modulates the association between mother ’s DNA methylation profiles and adult offspring depression
This study aimed to examine whether the relationship between mothers ’ DNA methylation profiles and offspring's depression is modulated by negative parenting. The participants were 35 African‐American mother–offspring dyads. Young adult offspring (19 females; age = 17–29.5 years) were assessed on depressive symptoms, and mothers (36–51 years) were assesse d on negative parenting. Methyl‐binding domain (MBD) sequencing was used to assay genome‐wide DNA methylation in peripheral T lymphocytes. Controlling for the effect of offspring's DNA methylation, mothers' DNA methylation was positively associated with of...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sascha Hein, Tina Thomas, Oxana Yu. Naumova, Suniya S. Luthar, Elena L. Grigorenko Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research

Normative developmental trajectories of actigraphic sleep variables during the preschool period: A three ‐wave longitudinal study
AbstractImportant changes in sleep are believed to occur in the preschool years, but studies that have documented these changes were generally cross ‐sectional or based on subjective sleep measures. The current longitudinal study modeled the developmental trajectories followed by five sleep variables objectively assessed during the preschool period. Children (N = 128) wore an actigraph over 3 days at 2, 3, and 4 years of age and change in sleep variables was assessed with growth curves. The results showed a linear decrease of daytime, total, and nighttime sleep duration, and a linear increase of sleep efficiency and ...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Émilie Tétreault, Annie Bernier, Célia Matte‐Gagné, Julie Carrier Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Paternal methyl donor deficient diets during development affect male offspring behavior and memory ‐related gene expression in mice
AbstractIt has become increasingly evident that the methylation of DNA, known as an epigenetic marker, affects behavior in animals. In our previous study, a methyl ‐donors (folate, methionine, and choline)‐deficient (FMCD) diet during the juvenile period could be shown to affect anxiety‐like behavior and fear memory, accompanied by alteration in some gene expression and their methylations in the hippocampus. One question is whether the fear memory of a p arent affects the fear responses of offspring. To explore this question in the present study, C57BL/6 J male (F0) mice were given a FMCD diet from 3 to 12 weeks of...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yuji Sahara, Daisuke Matsuzawa, Daisuke Ishii, Takahiro Fuchida, Takashi Goto, Chihiro Sutoh, Eiji Shimizu Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Connection between gut microbiome and brain development in preterm infants
AbstractDysbiosis of the gut microbiome in preterm infants predisposes the neonate to various major morbidities including neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit, and adverse neurological outcomes later in life. There are parallel early developmental windows for the gut microbiota and the nervous system during prenatal to postnatal of life. Therefore, preterm infants represent a unique population in which optimization of initial colonization and microbiota development can affect brain development and enhance neurological outcomes. In this review, we will first discuss the factors a...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jing Lu, Erika C. Claud Tags: SPECIAL ISSUE Source Type: research

Cortisol secretion moderates the association between mother –infant attachment at 17 months and child behavior at age 5 years
This study examined infant cortisol secretion as a moderator of the association between mother –infant attachment security at age 17 months and child behavior at age 5 years. A longitudinal community sample of 96 mother–child dyads participated in the strange situation procedure (SSP) at age 17 months. Cortisol was collected at baseline, and at 20 and 40 min post‐SSP. Maternal repor ts of child behavior were collected at age 5 years. Results revealed that the associations between nonsecure mother–infant attachment and higher total, internalizing, and externalizing behavior were stronger for infants with high c...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jaclyn Nofech ‐Mozes, Jessica Pereira, Andrea Gonzalez, Leslie Atkinson Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Use it or lose it? Effects of age, experience, and disuse on crawling
AbstractWhat happens to early acquired but later abandoned motor skills? To investigate effects of disuse on early ‐developing motor skills, we examined crawling in two groups of habitual crawlers (34 6–12‐month‐old infants and five adults with Uner Tan Syndrome) and two groups of rusty crawlers (27 11–12‐year‐old children and 13 college‐aged adults). Habitual crawlers showed striking similaritie s in gait patterns, limbs supporting the body, and crawling speed, despite dramatic differences in crawling practice, posture, and body size. Habitual crawlers trotted predominantly, whereas rusty crawlers showed a...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Whitney G. Cole, Beatrix Vereijken, Jesse W. Young, Scott R. Robinson, Karen E. Adolph Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Issue Information
Developmental Psychobiology, Volume 60, Issue S2, Page 1-3, November 2018. (Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research

International society for developmental psychobiology 51st annual meeting abstracts 2018
Developmental Psychobiology, Volume 60, Issue S2, Page 4-72, November 2018. (Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: CONFERENCE ABSTRACT Source Type: research

Looking back and moving forward: Evaluating and advancing translation from animal models to human studies of early life stress and DNA methylation
AbstractAdvances in epigenetic methodologies have deepened theoretical explanations of mechanisms linking early life stress (ELS) and disease outcomes and suggest promising targets for intervention. To date, however, human studies have not capitalized on the richness of diverse animal models to derive and systematically evaluate specific and testable hypotheses. To promote cross ‐species dialog and scientific advance, here we provide a classification scheme to systematically evaluate the match between characteristics of human and animal studies of ELS and DNA methylation. Three preclinical models were selected that are h...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sarah Enos Watamura, Tania L. Roth Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Adolescent social stress and social context influence the intake of ethanol and sucrose in male rats soon and long after the stress exposures
AbstractSocial instability stress in adolescent rats (SS; postnatal day 30 –45, daily 1 hr isolation +new cage partner) alters behavioural responses to psychostimulants, but differences in voluntary consumption of natural and drug rewards are unknown. SS also is associated with an atypical behavioural repertoire, for example reduced social interactions. Here, we investi gated whether SS rats differ from control (CTL) rats in ethanol (EtOH) or sucrose intake in experiments involving different social contexts: alone, in the presence of an unfamiliar peer, in the presence of its cage partner, or in competition against its ...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marina L. Marcolin, Travis E. Hodges, Jennet L. Baumbach, Cheryl M. McCormick Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Finding events in a continuous world: A developmental account
AbstractEvent segmentation is a fundamental process of human cognition that organizes the continuous flux of activity into discrete, hierarchical units. The mechanism of event segmentation in infants seems to parallel the mechanism studied in adults, which centers on action predictability. Statistical learning appears to bootstrap infants ’ event segmentation by generating action predictions without relying on prior knowledge. Infants’ first‐hand experiences with goal‐directed actions further enhance their prediction of others’ actions. Scaffolds for event segmentation are available in the input, with caregivers ...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dani Levine, Daphna Buchsbaum, Kathy Hirsh ‐Pasek, Roberta M. Golinkoff Tags: SPECIAL ISSUE Source Type: research

Means ‐end problem solving in infancy: Development, emergence of intentionality, and transfer of knowledge
Developmental Psychobiology, EarlyView. (Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Iryna Babik, Andrea Baraldi Cunha, Samantha M. Ross, Samuel W. Logan, James C. Galloway, Michele A. Lobo Source Type: research

Visual preferences for direct ‐gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure
Developmental Psychobiology, EarlyView. (Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elizabeth A. Simpson, Annika Paukner, Eric J. Pedersen, Pier F. Ferrari, Lisa A. Parr Source Type: research