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What Are the Classifications of Perinatal Stroke?
Discussion Perinatal stroke occurs in about 1:1000 live births and is a “focal vascular injury from the fetal period to 28 days postnatal age.” Perinatal stroke is the most common cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy and causes other significant morbidity including cognitive deficits, learning disabilities, motor problems, sensory problems including visual and hearing disorders, epilepsy, and behavioral and psychological problems. Family members are also affected because of the potential anxiety and guilt feelings that having a child with a stroke presents, along with the care that may be needed over the child&#...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 1, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Keeping up with Amanda: Life after brain surgery
In most ways, Amanda LePage is just like any other rambunctious fourth grader. She loves school, dance class, playing basketball and keeping up with her twin sister Macy and older brother Nathan. Sometimes it just takes her a little longer to do these everyday things. That’s because Amanda has been through a lot in her short nine years. Amanda was just 5 months old when she was brought by helicopter to Boston Children’s Hospital for a hemorrhage in her brain from an intracranial aneurysm, a type of vascular malformation. Despite long odds, Amanda survived two life-saving brain surgeries and a massive stroke that left ...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - May 22, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ellen Greenlaw Tags: Our Patients’ Stories brain aneurysm Dr. Caroline Robson Dr. Craig McClain Dr. Edward Smith Dr. Peter Manley Hydrocephalus low-grade glioma pediatric stroke Source Type: news

Stroke
This 18-month-old girl developed left-sided focal seizures, left arm and leg weakness 3 days after an uncomplicated appendicectomy. She had been previously well, and the surgery was uneventful. An urgent cranial MR scan was performed under general anaesthetic within 12 h of the onset of symptoms. Look at the selected images from this study and answer the following questions. Read on to confirm the answers and learn more about the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in this condition. Questions There is evidence of acute intracerebral haemorrhage. (True or false?) The abnormality is in the left middle cerebral...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Williams, H. Tags: Oncology, Illuminations, Epilepsy and seizures, Stroke, Child health, Other anaesthesia Source Type: research

A new life for Lynkin after encephalocele surgery
When you meet Lynkin Bell, the first things you notice are her big personality and chubby cheeks. You might also see how she adores her brother Lukis and hamming it up for the camera. But you’d never guess that this playful 14-month-old from Texas wasn’t expected to survive, never mind talk, stand or play peekaboo like a pro. And yet, thanks to her parents’ faith and persistence — and surgery at Boston Children’s Hospital — Lynkin can do all those things, and lots more, with the gusto befitting any toddler her age. “It’s a miracle,” says Kaylen Gaston, Lynkin’s mom. “We were told so many times she wou...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - April 24, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ellen Greenlaw Tags: Diseases & Conditions Our Patients’ Stories Craniofacial Program Dr. John Meara Dr. Mark Proctor encephalocele Source Type: news

What Causes Hyperammonemia?
Discussion Reye’s syndrome (RS)is named for Dr. Douglas Reye who along with Drs. G. Morgan and J. Baral described encephalopathy and fatty accumulation and degeneration in children in a 1963 Lancet article. RS usually affects children but can occur at all ages. All organs can be affected but the liver and brain are primarily affected causing liver failure and encephalopathy as toxic metabolites (especially ammonia) accumulate, and intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema occurs. As the ammonia levels begin to rise (> 100 mg/dL) patients lose their appetite, have nausea and emesis and mental status changes whic...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 20, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Causes Microcephaly?
Discussion Microcephaly is usually defined as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age and ethnicity. Severe microcephaly is used for OFC < 3 standard deviations. Rates of microcephaly range from 0.5-12 patients/10,000 live births. The OFC should be measured at every well child visit and at other opportunities and plotted on standard growth charts. The OFC is measured using a nonelastic tape measure around the largest part of the head with the tape measure held above the eyebrows and ears. It is a highly reproducible measurement. There are several diff...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 25, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are Some Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy?
Discussion The term, cerebral palsy, or CP has gone through many iterations with the first description in 1861 by W.J. Little who described it as “The condition of spastic rigidity of the limbs of newborn children.” The most recent definition is from Rosenbaun et al. in 2007 which states it is “a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cog...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 9, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What are Some Risk Factors for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Outcomes?
Discussion “Neonatal encephalopathy, manifesting as altered responsiveness, seizures, apnea and abnormal muscle tone and reflexes, resulting from hypoxic-ischemic injury is termed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).” Neonatal encephalopathy can be associated with other problems including stroke, hemorrhage, infection, pre-term brain injury and hypoglycemia as some examples. Sometimes more than one of these entities occurs simultaneously such as hypoglycemia and HIE. HIE can result in long-term neurological problems including motor, behavioral, and cognitive problems that can become apparent even years later....
Source: PediatricEducation.org - December 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Is This Primary Exertional Headache?
Discussion Commonly occurring primary headaches include tension, cluster and migraine headaches. “Other primary headaches” are often situational. Patients can have more than 1 type of these “other” headaches along with more common headaches. Other primary headaches as a group tend to be self-limited with long remission periods. Some other primary headaches include: Thunderclap headache Explosive sudden onset with maximum intensity in less 1 minute and resolution within 5 minutes usually 43/100,000 persons in adults Primary or secondary Secondary causes include intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, thro...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 21, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news