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Phagocytosis in the Brain: Homeostasis and Disease
Conclusions and Perspectives In this review we have summarized the critical role phagocytosis plays in both CNS homeostasis and disease. While much progress has been made in recent years, many unanswered questions remain. How phagocytosis in the CNS is influenced by numerous factors, such as microenvironment or phagocytic target, have yet to be fully resolved. Additionally, the utilization of novel technologies, including in vivo imaging techniques (217), iPSC-derived microglia (213) and high-throughput screens (66), will likely contribute to further identification of phagocytic pathways and consequences of phagocytosis w...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Ambient Conditions Prior to Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Considerations for Acclimation or Acclimatization Strategies
This study was supported by ZonMw (Project: Thermo Tokyo: Beat the heat), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (Project: Citius, Altius, Sanius), and Heatshield, under EU Horizon 2020 grant agreement No 668786. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. Tatsuro Amano (Niigata University, Japan) for his assistance with translating the Japanese Meteorological Agency website. Footnotes ^ https://rdrr.io/g...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Pre-injury Comorbidities Are Associated With Functional Impairment and Post-concussive Symptoms at 3- and 6-Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
Conclusions: Pre-injury psychiatric and pre-injury headache/migraine symptoms are risk factors for worse functional and post-concussive outcomes at 3- and 6-months post-mTBI. mTBI patients presenting to acute care should be evaluated for psychiatric and headache/migraine history, with lower thresholds for providing TBI education/resources, surveillance, and follow-up/referrals. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01565551. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2013 ~2.8 million TBI cases were recorded an...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Beta Amyloid Deposition Is Not Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease
In this study, we used a well-validated visual assessment to clinically rate scans as being amyloid positive or negative (38). As there is not an accepted threshold based on standardized centiloid reference regions, we defined an amyloid positivity centiloid cut-off threshold in our sample. Our cut-off (CL = 31.3, SUVR = 1.21) corresponds well to the estimated value proposed by Rowe and colleagues (34) in the context of AD (CL = 25–30), however our estimated threshold may be biased by the low number of Aβ positive patients. Our results suggest a lower prevalence of amyloid-positive PDD individuals than in ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research