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Imaging Review of Common and Rare Causes of Stroke in Children
Vascular injury is increasingly recognized as an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children (29 days to 18 years of age). Since vascular brain injury in children appears to be less common than in adults, the index of suspicion for vascular brain injury is usually lower. In this review article, we describe frequent and rare conditions underlying pediatric stroke including cardioembolic, viral, autoimmune, post-traumatic, and genetic etiologies. Furthermore, we provide a neuroimaging correlate for clinical mimics of pediatric stroke. This review highlights the role of multimodal noninvasive neuroimaging in the ea...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - December 1, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Volumetric Measurements of Cytotoxic and Vasogenic Edema Following Traumatic Brain Injury Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (P7.156)
CONCLUSIONS: While edema over the first week after TBI is primarily vasogenic, cytotoxic edema makes a significant contribution, as well. Cytotoxic edema peaks around 3-4 days post-injury, while vasogenic edema peaks around 6-7 days post-injury. This data may be informative for the design of clinical trials of drugs targeting post-traumatic edema. Study Supported by: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Disclosure: Dr. Stephens has nothing to disclose. Dr. Spessert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Knaysi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cota has nothing t...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Stephens, B., Spessert, E., Knaysi, G., Cota, M., Latour, L., Diaz-Arrastia, R. Tags: Neuro Trauma, Critical Care, and Sports Neurology Source Type: research

Can a high-tech treatment help combat some of our oldest fears?
Conclusion This experimental study assessed whether it is possible to counter-condition people against their fear memories by using reward without actually having to re-expose the person to the fearful stimulus. The researchers conclude that they have shown this can be done, all with participants remaining unaware of the content and purpose of the procedure. They further suggest the procedure may be an initial step towards novel treatments for fear-related disorders such as phobia and PTSD, via unconscious processing. While these findings show promise, there are some key limitations, the main one being the small number of ...
Source: NHS News Feed - November 22, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Mental health Neurology Source Type: news

Disconnection between the default mode network and medial temporal lobes in post-traumatic amnesia
See Bigler (doi:10.1093/aww277) for a scientific commentary on this article. Post-traumatic amnesia is very common immediately after traumatic brain injury. It is characterized by a confused, agitated state and a pronounced inability to encode new memories and sustain attention. Clinically, post-traumatic amnesia is an important predictor of functional outcome. However, despite its prevalence and functional importance, the pathophysiology of post-traumatic amnesia is not understood. Memory processing relies on limbic structures such as the hippocampus, parahippocampus and parts of the cingulate cortex. These structures are...
Source: Brain - December 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: De Simoni, S., Grover, P. J., Jenkins, P. O., Honeyfield, L., Quest, R. A., Ross, E., Scott, G., Wilson, M. H., Majewska, P., Waldman, A. D., Patel, M. C., Sharp, D. J. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research

Analyzing brain patterns may help neuroscientists increase people ’s confidence, reduce fear
A new technique of analyzing brain patterns appears to help people overcome fear and build self-confidence.The approach, developed by a UCLA-led team of neuroscientists, is described in two new papers, published in the journals Nature Communications and Nature Human Behaviour.Their method could have implications for treating people with depression, dementia and anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, said Hakwan Lau, a UCLA associate professor of psychology and the senior author of both studies. It could also play a role in improving leadership training for executives and managers.In theNature Human Be...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - December 15, 2016 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects
Conclusion The aim of this paper was to examine whether military tDCS use can be efficacious and ethical in military settings. Our assessment is that tDCS offers a number of cognitive, motor, and perceptual enhancement opportunities which could provide value in military situations like training and operations. There is potential scope for use in a number of key areas that directly affect practical battlefield advantage and survivability, such as deceptive capabilities, risk-taking, threat detection, perception, and physiological improvement. Additionally, tDCS has the potential to improve command and control decision maki...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research