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Neuroprotective and Proneurogenic Effects of Glucosamine in an Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Model of Ischemia
AbstractNeuroprotective, antineuroinflammatory, and proneurogenic effects of glucosamine, a naturally occurring amino sugar, have been reported in various animal models of brain injury including cerebral ischemia and hypoxic brain damage. Given that clinical translation of therapeutic candidates identified in animal models of ischemic stroke has remained unsatisfactory in general, possibly due to inadequacy of existing models, we sought to study the effects of glucosamine in a recently developed, clinical condition mimicking mouse model of internal cerebral artery occlusion. In this model of mild to moderate striatal damag...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Increasing O-GlcNAcylation is neuroprotective in young and aged brains after ischemic stroke
In this study, using transient ischemic stroke models, we first demonstrated that neuron-specific overexpression of Xbp1s improved outcome, and pharmacologically boosting O-GlcNAcylation with thiamet-G reversed worse outcome observed in neuron-specific Xbp1 knockout mice. We further showed that thiamet-G treatment improved long-term functional recovery in both young and aged animals after transient ischemic stroke. Mechanistically, using an analytic approach developed here, we discovered that availability of UDP-GlcNAc was compromised in the aged brain, which may constitute a novel mechanism responsible for the impaired O-...
Source: Experimental Neurology - February 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhuoran Wang Xuan Li Ivan Spasojevic Liping Lu Yuntian Shen Xingguang Qu Ulrike Hoffmann David S Warner Wulf Paschen Huaxin Sheng Wei Yang Source Type: research

Increasing O-GlcNAcylation is neuroprotective in young and aged brains after ischemic stroke.
In this study, using transient ischemic stroke models, we first demonstrated that neuron-specific overexpression of Xbp1s improved outcome, and pharmacologically boosting O-GlcNAcylation with thiamet-G reversed worse outcome observed in neuron-specific Xbp1 knockout mice. We further showed that thiamet-G treatment improved long-term functional recovery in both young and aged animals after transient ischemic stroke. Mechanistically, using an analytic approach developed here, we discovered that availability of UDP-GlcNAc was compromised in the aged brain, which may constitute a novel mechanism responsible for the impaired O-...
Source: Experimental Neurology - February 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang Z, Li X, Spasojevic I, Lu L, Shen Y, Qu X, Hoffmann U, Warner DS, Paschen W, Sheng H, Yang W Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Significance of Mitochondrial Protein Post-translational Modifications in Pathophysiology of Brain Injury
AbstractMitochondria are complex organelles that undergo constant fusion and fission in order to adapt to the ever-changing cellular environment. The fusion/fission proteins, localized in the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane, play critical roles under pathological conditions such as acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Post-translational modifications of these proteins tightly regulate their function and activity, ultimately impacting mitochondrial dynamics and their efficiency to generate ATP. The individual post-translational modifications that are known to affect mitochondrial dynamics include SUMOyl...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 21, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Fullerenols and glucosamine fullerenes reduce infarct volume and cerebral inflammation after ischemic stroke in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
In conclusion, OH-F and GlcN-F lead to a reduction of cellular damage and inflammation after stroke, rendering these compounds attractive therapeutics for stroke. PMID: 25625851 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Fluri F, Grünstein D, Cam E, Ungethuem U, Hatz F, Schäfer J, Samnick S, Israel I, Kleinschnitz C, Orts-Gil G, Moch H, Zeis T, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Seeberger P Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Protective effect of telmisartan on neurovascular unit and inflammasome in stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Discussion: These results suggest that telmisartan comprehensively protected the NVU components by reducing inflammatory reactions relative to AD in hypertensive rats, which could also preclude the risk of AD under hypertension. PMID: 25591419 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurological Research - January 18, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurol Res Source Type: research