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Deficiency of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase Modulates Functional and Biochemical Parameters of the Heart in Response to Western-type Diet
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2021 Apr 30. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00990.2020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAtaxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) deficiency exacerbates heart dysfunction late after myocardial infarction. Here, we hypothesized that ATM deficiency modulates Western-type diet (WD)-induced cardiac remodeling with an emphasis on functional and biochemical parameters of the heart. Weight gain was assessed in male wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice on weekly basis, while cardiac functional and biochemical parameters were measured 14 weeks post-WD. hKO-WD mice exhibited rapid body weigh...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 30, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Mary C Wingard Suman Dalal Paige L Shook Rachel Myers Barbara A Connelly Douglas P Thewke Mahipal Singh Krishna Singh Source Type: research

A high salt meal does not impair cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy young adults
A single high sodium meal compared to a low sodium meal does not impair cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia or hypocapnia in healthy adults. MCA, Middle Cerebral Artery. AbstractA high sodium (Na+) meal impairs peripheral vascular function. In rodents, chronic high dietary Na+ impairs cerebral vascular function, and in humans, habitual high dietary Na+ is associated with increased stroke risk. However, the effects of acute high dietary Na+ on the cerebral vasculature in humans are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if acute high dietary Na+ impairs cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy adults. Thirty...
Source: Physiological Reports - October 10, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Kamila U. Migdal, Austin T. Robinson, Joseph C. Watso, Matthew C. Babcock, Shannon L. Lennon, Christopher R. Martens, Jorge M. Serrador, William B. Farquhar Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

Short high ‐fat diet interferes with the physiological maturation of the late adolescent mouse heart
This study suggests that even a short period of high fat intake during late adolescence hinders maturation of the heart and causes physiological changes that may have an impact on the cardiac health in adulthood. AbstractDietary fats are essential for cardiac function. The metabolites of fats known as fatty acids provide most of the energy for cardiac tissue, serve as building blocks for membranes and regulate important signaling cascades. Despite their importance, excess fat intake can cause cardiac dysfunction. The detrimental effects of high ‐fat diet (HFD) on cardiac health are widely investigated in long‐term stud...
Source: Physiological Reports - July 7, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Heidi Hynynen, Maija Mutikainen, Nikolay Naumenko, Anastasia Shakirzyanova, Tomi Tuomainen, Pasi Tavi Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

Preventing protein-energy malnutrition after cortical stroke enhances recovery of symmetry in forelimb use during spontaneous exploration
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, e-First Articles. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) commonly arises after stroke. We investigated the effects of preventing PEM on spontaneous recovery of forelimb use, infarct size, and the acute phase response in the chronic post-stroke period. Male, adult, Sprague –Dawley rats were acclimatized to control diet (12.5% protein), tested for pre-stroke forelimb use symmetry in the cylinder test, and exposed to photothrombotic cortical stroke or sham surgery. Food intake was monitored daily, and body weight weekly. Forelimb use was tested on day 4 after surgery, before assignm...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 8, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Larisa K. Matwee Mariam Alaverdashvili Gillian D. Muir Jonathan P. Farthing Sarah A. Bater Phyllis G. Paterson Source Type: research

The contribution of chymase-dependent formation of AngII to cardiac dysfunction in metabolic syndrome of young rats: roles of fructose and EETs.
In conclusions, HFD-driven adverse chymase/AngII/AT1R/Nox/superoxide signaling in young rats was prevented by inhibition of sEH via at least in part, an EET-mediated stabilization of mast cells, highlighting chymase and sEH as therapeutic targets during treatment of MetS. PMID: 32167781 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Froogh G, Kandhi S, Duvvi R, Le Y, Weng Z, Alruwaili N, Ashe JO, Sun D, Huang A Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Early life undernutrition reduces maximum treadmill running capacity in adulthood in mice
In conclusion, gestational and postnatal undernourishment impairs exercise capacity.
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Logan A. Pendergrast Eric C. Leszczynski Joseph R. Visker Ashley N. Triplett David P. Ferguson Source Type: research

Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction
Patients with diabetes, a methionine-rich meat diet, or certain genetic polymorphisms show elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), which is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease including diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, reducing Hcy with folate shows no beneficial cardiac effects. We have previously shown that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a byproduct of Hcy through transsulfuration by cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), donor mitigates Hcy-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. However, the in vivo cardiac effects of H₂S in the context of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) have not been studied. We tes...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Impaired Activity of Ryanodine Receptors Contributes to Calcium Mishandling in Cardiomyocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Rats
Conclusion Principal findings of this work are that abnormal Ca2+ transient amplitude, contractile dysfunction; and impaired relaxation of MetS cardiomyocytes underlies intrinsic dysfunctional RyR2 and SERCA pump. Abnormal activity of RyRs was evidenced by its decreased ability to bind [3H]-ryanodine. Although the MetS condition does not modify RyR2 protein expression, its phosphorylation at Ser2814 is decreased, which impairs its capacity for activation during ECC. The dysfunctional RyRs, together with a decreased activity of SERCA pump due to decreased Thr17-PLN phosphorylation suggest a downregulation of CaMKII in MetS...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Neuromuscular and Muscle Metabolic Functions in MELAS Before and After Resistance Training: A Case Study
Conclusion To conclude, this study suggests a preserved plasticity in the skeletal muscle of a patient with MELAS. More importantly, Resistance Training appears to be a safe and effective method to increase skeletal muscle function in this patient population, and this effect is mediated by both neuromuscular and mitochondrial adaptations. However, particular attention and caution is needed in the interpretation of the data of this single case study and further studies are warranted including larger sample of patients. Ethics Statement For this case study the participant caregiver provided written informed consent. Auth...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

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