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News at a glance: A win for obesity drugs, NIH unionization roadblocks, and Mexican fireflies under threat
CONSERVATION Researchers raise alarm over threat to Mexican fireflies Scientists from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) last week delivered a letter to the Mexican government requesting it regulate tourism centered on the threatened firefly species Photinus palaciosi . Endemic to Mexico’s Tlaxcala forests, P. palaciosi is one of the few species that glow in synchrony, offering an annual spectacle that attracts thousands of visitors during summer mating season. The letter describes how littering, artificial light, and noise interfere with the insects’ courtship and eg...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 10, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

News at a glance: A win for obesity drugs, a new infectious disease institute head, and Mexican fireflies under threat
CONSERVATION Researchers raise alarm over threat to Mexican fireflies Scientists from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) last week delivered a letter to the Mexican government requesting it regulate tourism centered on the threatened firefly species Photinus palaciosi . Endemic to Mexico’s Tlaxcala forests, P. palaciosi is one of the few species that glow in synchrony, offering an annual spectacle that attracts thousands of visitors during summer mating season. The letter describes how littering, artificial light, and noise interfere with the insects’ courtship and eg...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - August 10, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Remote ischaemic preconditioning versus no remote ischaemic preconditioning for vascular and endovascular surgical procedures
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, compared with no RIPC, RIPC probably leads to little or no difference in perioperative mortality, myocardial infarction, renal impairment, stroke, hospital stay, and operating time, and may lead to little or no difference in limb loss in people undergoing elective major vascular and endovascular surgery. Adequately powered and designed randomised studies are needed, focusing in particular on the clinical endpoints and patient-centred outcomes.PMID:36645250 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD008472.pub3
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 16, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Fuxiang Liang Shidong Liu Guangzu Liu Hongxu Liu Bing Song Liang Yao Qi Wang Source Type: research

Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension
CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that antiplatelet therapy modifies mortality in patients with elevated BP for primary prevention. ASA reduced the risk of cardiovascular events and increased the risk of major bleeding events. Antiplatelet therapy with ASA probably reduces the risk of non-fatal and all cardiovascular events when compared to clopidogrel. Clopidogrel increases the risk of major bleeding events compared to ASA in patients with elevated BP for secondary prevention. There is no evidence that warfarin modifies mortality in patients with elevated BP for secondary prevention. The benefits and harms of the newer dr...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 28, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Eduard Shantsila Monika Kozie ł-Siołkowska Gregory Yh Lip Source Type: research

New Data From Two Large Studies Reinforce Effectiveness of Dual Pathway Inhibition (DPI) with XARELTO ® (rivaroxaban) Plus Aspirin in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and/or Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
RARITAN, N.J., May 23, 2022 – Findings from the XARELTO® (rivaroxaban) Phase 3 COMPASS Long-Term Open Label Extension (LTOLE) study and the XARELTO® in Combination with Acetylsalicylic Acid (XATOA) registry have been published in the European Society of Cardiology’s (ESC) European Heart Journal, Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. Additionally, the XATOA registry was presented at the American Congress of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session (ACC.22). These studies provide further evidence supporting the role of dual pathway inhibition (DPI) with the XARELTO® vascular dose (2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - May 23, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension
CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of hypertension, there is moderate certainty evidence that diuretics reduce major cardiovascular events and congestive heart failure more than CCBs. There is low to moderate certainty evidence that CCBs probably reduce major cardiovascular events more than beta-blockers. There is low to moderate certainty evidence that CCBs reduced stroke when compared to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and reduced myocardial infarction when compared to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), but increased congestive heart failure when compared to ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Many of the differences ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 9, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jiaying Zhu Ning Chen Muke Zhou Jian Guo Cairong Zhu Jie Zhou Mengmeng Ma Li He Source Type: research

Renal denervation for resistant hypertension
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with resistant hypertension, there is low-certainty evidence that renal denervation does not improve major cardiovascular outomes and renal function. Conversely, moderate-certainty evidence exists that it may improve 24h ABPM and diastolic office-measured BP. Future trials measuring patient-centred instead of surrogate outcomes, with longer follow-up periods, larger sample size and more standardised procedural methods are necessary to clarify the utility of this procedure in this population.PMID:34806762 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD011499.pub3
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 22, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Anna Pisano Luigi Francesco Iannone Antonio Leo Emilio Russo Giuseppe Coppolino Davide Bolignano Source Type: research

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension
CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of hypertension, there is moderate certainty evidence that diuretics reduce major cardiovascular events and congestive heart failure more than CCBs. There is low to moderate certainty evidence that CCBs probably reduce major cardiovascular events more than beta-blockers. There is low to moderate certainty evidence that CCBs reduced stroke when compared to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and reduced myocardial infarction when compared to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), but increased congestive heart failure when compared to ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Many of the differences ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 17, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jiaying Zhu Ning Chen Muke Zhou Jian Guo Cairong Zhu Jie Zhou Mengmeng Ma Li He Source Type: research

Janssen Announces U.S. FDA Approval of INVEGA HAFYERA ™(6-month paliperidone palmitate), First and Only Twice-Yearly Treatment for Adults with Schizophrenia
TITUSVILLE, N.J., Sept. 1, 2021 – The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved long-acting atypical antipsychotic INVEGA HAFYERA™ (6-month paliperidone palmitate), the first-and-only twice-yearly injectable for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. Before transitioning to INVEGA HAFYERA™, patients must be adequately treated with INVEGA SUSTENNA® (1-month paliperidone palmitate) for at least four months, or INVEGA TRINZA® (3-month paliperidone palmitate) for at least one 3-month injection cycle.1 The FDA approval of INVEGA ...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - September 1, 2021 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Innovation Source Type: news

(Ultra-)long-acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
CONCLUSIONS: Comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin for T1DM showed lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia in favour of insulin detemir (moderate-certainty evidence). However, the 95% prediction interval indicated inconsistency in this finding. Both insulin detemir and insulin glargine compared with NPH insulin did not show benefits or harms for severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia. For all other main outcomes with overall low risk of bias and comparing insulin analogues with each other, there was no true beneficial or harmful effect for any intervention. Data on patient-important outcomes such as QoL, macrovascular and microvas...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 4, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Bianca Hemmingsen Maria-Inti Metzendorf Bernd Richter Source Type: research

Renin inhibitors versus angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for primary hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of hypertension, we have low certainty that renin inhibitors (RI) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not differ for all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction. We have low to moderate certainty that they do not differ for adverse events. Small reductions in blood pressure with renin inhibitors compared to ACE inhibitors are of low certainty.  More independent, large, long-term trials are needed to compare RIs with ACE inhibitors, particularly assessing morbidity and mortality outcomes, but also on blood pressure-lowering effect. PMID: 33089502 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 22, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Wang GM, Li LJ, Tang WL, Wright JM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: We found there is probably little to no difference in total mortality and cardiovascular mortality between people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease treated to a lower compared to a standard blood pressure target. There may also be little to no difference in serious adverse events or total cardiovascular events. This suggests that no net health benefit is derived from a lower systolic blood pressure target. We found very limited evidence on withdrawals due to adverse effects, which led to high uncertainty. At present, evidence is insufficient to justify lower blood pressure targets (135/85 mmHg or le...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjón J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Assessment of Periodontal Status Based on Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness
Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene were more severe among the subjects with CIMT> 1 mm. To halt the progression of increasing CIMT, preventive oral health programmes need to be integrated in the cardiac setting with established dental referral which can bring out positive health behaviours.
Source: Oral health and Preventive dentistry - June 8, 2020 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research

Chelation therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of chelation therapy in improving clinical outcomes of people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. More high-quality, randomised controlled trials are needed that assess the effects of chelation therapy on longevity and quality of life among people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. PMID: 32367513 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 4, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Villarruz-Sulit MV, Forster R, Dans AL, Tan FN, Sulit DV Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

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