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Association of Endovascular Treatment With Ischemic Stroke and Clinical Outcome in Pediatric Patients
This cohort study examines the use of endovascular recanalization in pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke and clinical outcomes.
Source: JAMA Neurology - October 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Endovascular Therapy for Childhood Stroke —Working Together to Reach Prime Time
The standard of care for stroke treatment in adults changed rapidly in 2015 after results from 5 major clinical trials each showed efficacy of endovascular treatment of anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion within 6 hours of stroke onset. The positive results of these studies have since raised questions about whether endovascular therapy should be used for children who present with stroke due to large-vessel occlusion and, other than age, fit adult criteria for thrombectomy. Compared with the occurrence in adults, ischemic stroke in children is uncommon, but remains important to address because the resulting disabili...
Source: JAMA Neurology - October 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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This article was corrected online.
Source: JAMA Neurology - September 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Benefits of MRI for Patients With Low-risk Transient or Persistent Minor Neurologic Deficits
More than 1 million patients receive a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the United States each year. These patients are at increased risk of stroke during the first few weeks after the initial event, with the greatest risk during the first 2 days. Evidence-based secondary preventive measures are available to lower the risk of recurrent ischemic events, but for these measures to be effectively implemented, patients with stroke or TIA must be rapidly and correctly identified. Accurate diagnosis is important because some secondary preventive strategies carry risks of their own and are usually not appr...
Source: JAMA Neurology - September 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between Low-Dose Rivaroxaban With or Without Aspirin and Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
This secondary analysis of a multinational randomized clinical trial of 27  395 participants with systemic atherosclerotic disease examines the association low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin, rivaroxaban alone, or aspirin alone and the risk of different ischemic stroke subtypes.
Source: JAMA Neurology - September 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Outcomes Associated With Clopidogrel-Aspirin Use in Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
This pooled analysis combines data from 2 randomized clinical trials to estimate the efficacy and risk of dual antiplatelet therapy after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
Source: JAMA Neurology - August 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Is Hyperselection of Patients the Right Strategy?
In 2019, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains the most devastating type of stroke, with a 30-day mortality rate of 40% and 60% of survivors who are dependent 1 year after ICH. Intracerebral hemorrhage volume is one of the main determinants of poor outcome, and the associated estimated risk of death or dependency increases of 5% for each millimeter of growth in the short-term phase. Up to one-third of ICHs enlarge during the first 24 hours, and the predicted probability of growth increases nonlinearly according to the ICH volume at admission, antithrombotic use, and the time window from symptom onset to imaging. Because o...
Source: JAMA Neurology - August 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

SELECTing Patients With Large Ischemic Core Who May Benefit From Endovascular Reperfusion
In this issue of JAMA Neurology, Sarraj et al report on the clinical and radiologic outcomes in an observational cohort of 105 patients who had extensive ischemic changes on noncontrast computed tomographic (CT) scans (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores [ASPECTS] of 0-5) or CT perfusion scans with ischemic core volume greater than 50 mL and who were treated within 24 hours of stroke onset with endovascular thrombectomy or medical management. All but 1 of the patients who received endovascular treatment and were included based on low ASPECTS had a score of 4 or 5. The ASPECTS regions are not volumetrically or functional...
Source: JAMA Neurology - July 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Realizing Benefits From More Intensive Blood Pressure Control for Preventing Recurrent Stroke
Blood pressure (BP) targets below 140/90 mm Hg in high-risk patients, such as those who have had a stroke, remain a controversial topic. A pivotal meta-analysis of 61 prospective observational studies involving 1 million adults without previous cardiovascular (CV) disease showed a linear association between usual BP levels and deaths from ischemic heart disease and stroke, down to BP levels as low as 115/75 mm Hg. These data prompted the “lower the better” hypothesis and challenged the long-standing argument of a J-curve or U-curve association of BP levels in such patients. Before the pivotal Systolic Blood Pressure In...
Source: JAMA Neurology - July 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clinical Effectiveness of Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs Warfarin in Older Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke
This cohort assesses the clinical effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants vs warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Source: JAMA Neurology - July 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

External Validation of a Scoring System for Predicting Fracture Risk After Ischemic Stroke
This prognostic study evaluated medical records of survivors of ischemic stroke from a national Canadian database to develop and validate a scoring system to predict low-trauma fractures within 1 year of hospital discharge.
Source: JAMA Neurology - May 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Quality Improvement Intervention for Hospital Adherence to Therapies for Patients With Stroke
This cluster randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention compared with routine care on adherence to evidence-based therapy among patients with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.
Source: JAMA Neurology - May 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Risk for Major Hemorrhages in Patients Receiving Clopidogrel and Aspirin Compared With Aspirin Alone
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines the short-term risk of hemorrhage in treating patients in North America, Europe, and Australasia with acute transient ischemic attack or minor acute ischemic stroke with clopidogrel plus aspirin or aspirin alone.
Source: JAMA Neurology - April 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Endovascular Thrombectomy as a Means to Improve Survival in Acute Ischemic Stroke
This meta-analysis examines 90-day mortality and 90-day intracranial hemorrhage reported in trials of endovascular thrombectomy vs medical therapy cited in the 2018 American Stroke Association/American Heart Association guidelines for acute ischemic stroke.
Source: JAMA Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Thrombolysis Works in Lacunar Infarct, Complicating Imaging Selection
A new, exploratory analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-up Stroke (WAKE-UP) trial by Barow and colleagues in this issue ofJAMA Neurology provides unique and compelling data suggesting that thrombolysis improves clinical outcomes after acute lacunar infarction. The European Union –commissioned, 500-patient, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled WAKE-UP trial of alteplase captured the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography of patients with acute ischemic stroke prior to thrombolysis. This allowed categorization of infarcts as lacunar vs n onlacunar, using...
Source: JAMA Neurology - March 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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