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Source: Molecular Neurobiology
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Total 171 results found since Jan 2013.
Protective Effects of Spatholobi Caulis Extract on Neuronal Damage and Focal Ischemic Stroke/Reperfusion Injury
AbstractNeuronal apoptotic cell death plays an important role in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and ischemic stroke. Spatholobi Caulis (SC) has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, viral infection, and anemia. However, the protective effects of SC extract (SCE) against apoptotic cell death in the brain h ave not been reported. We investigated the protective effects of SCE against neuronal injury etoposide-induced neurotoxicity and in rats subjected to focal transient ischemic stroke middle cerebral artery occlusion ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Erythropoietin Rescues Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via the EPO-R/JAK2/STAT5/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β Pathway
AbstractVascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia in older people and is characterized by the sudden onset of impairments in thinking skills and behavior, which generally occur following a stroke. Unfortunately, effective therapy for vascular dementia remains inadequate. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. Recently, a prominent role for EPO has been defined in the nervous system, and there is growing interest in the potential therapeutic use of EPO for neuroprotection. However, whether it is protective from memory impairments and the...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 9, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
bFGF Protects Against Oxygen Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Endothelial Monolayer Permeability via S1PR1-Dependent Mechanisms
In this study, we further investigated the mechanisms of recombinant bFGF in BBB protection by measuring the permeability of cultured endothelial cell monolayer induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). We found that recombinant bFGF significantly decreased OGD/R-induced permeability of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) monolayer and preserved OGD/R-induced decreases of trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that bFGF significantly rescued OGD/R-induced downregulation of junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and VE-cadherin. We...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR in Evaluating Level III Collateral Circulation in a Rat Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke
In conclusion, the permeability parameters, such as IAUC andKtrans map, can quantitatively assess capillary intensity, which may indicate angiogenesis categorized as level III collateral circulation after ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
CT Permeability Imaging Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intra-arterial Thrombolytic Therapy
In conclusion, combining PCT andKtrans maps derived from first-pass PCT can identify at-risk cerebral ischemic tissue more precisely than perfusion parameters alone. This provides improved accuracy in predicting FIV and clinical outcomes.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Elevated Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Free Fatty Acid Levels Are Associated with Unfavorable Functional Outcome in Subjects with Acute Ischemic Stroke
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) free fatty acid (FFA) levels in a cohort of patients with an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In a prospective study, FFA levels were measured using an enzyme cycling method on admission in serum and CSF of 252 consecutive patients with AIS. The prognostic value of FFA to predict the functional outcome and mortality within 90-day was compared with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and with other known outcome predictors. Serum and CSF levels of FFA increased with increasing severity of stroke as defined ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Isoform-B Stimulates Neurovascular Repair After Ischemic Stroke by Promoting the Function of Pericytes via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of VEGF-B in ischemic stroke using different in vivo and in vitro approaches. We showed that the delayed intranasal administration of VEGF-B reduced neuronal damage and inflammation. Unexpectedly, VEGF-B stimulated the formation of stable brain microvasculature within the injured region by promoting the interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes. Our data indicate that the effects of VEGF-B were mediated via its specific receptor VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) that is predominately expressed in brain pericytes. Importantly, VEGF-B promoted the survival of pericyt...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Extracellular Matrix Modulation Is Driven by Experience-Dependent Plasticity During Stroke Recovery
This study provides molecular targets for novel therapi es that could support rehabilitation of stroke patients.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cofilin Mediates LPS-Induced Microglial Cell Activation and Associated Neurotoxicity Through Activation of NF- κB and JAK–STAT Pathway
In conclusion, we demonstrated that cofilin is involved in the cascade of microglial cell activation and further validates our previous study on cofilin’s role in mediating neuronal apoptosis. Together, our results sug gest that cofilin could present a common target in neurons and microglial cells and might prove to be a promising therapy for different brain injury mechanisms including stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Characterization of Dysregulated miRNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Ischemic Stroke Patients
AbstractEpigenetic modification may play an important role in pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS) risk. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which constitute one of the modes of epigenetic regulation, have been shown to be associated with a number of clinical disorders including IS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the miRNA profile in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of IS patients and compare it with stroke-free controls. Blood samples were obtained from 19 healthy age-gender-race matched individuals who served as controls to 20 IS patients. miRNA microarray analysis with RNA from PBMCs was performed and sig...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MMP-12, a Promising Therapeutic Target for Neurological Diseases
AbstractThe role of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and asthma is well established. Several new studies and recent reports from our laboratory and others highlighted the detrimental role of MMP-12 in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss in detail the pathological role of MMP-12 and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis in the context of central nervous system diseases such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclero...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Evidence that NF- κB and MAPK Signaling Promotes NLRP Inflammasome Activation in Neurons Following Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we provide evidence that activation of either the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways was partly responsible for inducing the expression and activation of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome proteins and that these effects can be attenuated using pharmacological inhibitors of these two pathways in neurons and brain tissue under in vitro and in vivo ischemic conditions, respectively. Moreover, these findings provided supporting evidence that treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation can reduce activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways resulting in decreased expression and activation of N...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Lipoprotein (a) as a Predictor of Early Stroke Recurrence in Acute Ischemic Stroke
This study aims to determine lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels in serum and to investigate their associations with stroke recurrence events in a 3-month follow-up study in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Serum Lp(a) levels were determined in 203 ischemic stroke patients and 120 normal controls at admission. The severity and clinical outcome of ischemic stroke patients were evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). We followed the participants for a median of 3 months using a standard questionnaire to determine the stroke recurrence events. The correlation analysis and multiple linear re...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TAT-PEP Enhanced Neurobehavioral Functional Recovery by Facilitating Axonal Regeneration and Corticospinal Tract Projection After Stroke
AbstractPaired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) has been identified as a new receptor for myelin-associated inhibitory (MAI) proteins, which may play important role in axonal regeneration and corticospinal tract (CST) projection associated with neurobehavioral function recovery after stroke. Here, we found that the expression of PirB was increased in the cortical penumbra from 1 to 28 days after transient focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion of rats. Then, transactivator of transcription-PirB extracellular peptide (TAT-PEP) was generated that might block the interactions between MAIs and PirB. The results showed that...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
GSK-3 β inhibitor TWS119 attenuates rtPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway after acute ischemic stroke in rats
This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent tPA-induced HT after acute ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
