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Hemorrhagic Transformation after Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reperfusion Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Models, and Biomarkers
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is well recognized as a common cause of hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke contributes to early mortality and adversely affects functional recovery. The risk of HT is especially high when patients receive thrombolytic reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, the only available treatment for ischemic stroke. Although many important publications address preclinical models of ischemic stroke, there are no current recommendations regarding the conduct of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and predi...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Combination of HBO and Memantine in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Is There a Synergistic Effect?
In this study, we investigated whether or not MEM could prolong the narrow therapeutic window of HBO treatment. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 120 min. MCAO produced neurobehavioral deficits, increased infarction volume, increased Evans blue (EB) content and levels of pro-inflammatory factors, as well as depleted glutathione (GSH), and reduced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the ischemic ipsilateral hemisphere. The combination of 5 mg/kg MEM treatment 15 min after the onset of ischemic event and HBO ther...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 30, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Posttreatment with 11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway as a Potential Mechanism
In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that the neuroprotection of KBA against oxidative stress-induced ischemic injury involves the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Gadd45b Mediates Axonal Plasticity and Subsequent Functional Recovery After Experimental Stroke in Rats
Abstract Stroke causes devastating and irreversible losses of neurological function with subsequent slow and incomplete recovery of lost brain functions, because of the brain’s limited capacity for brain plasticity. Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 beta (Gadd45b) has recently been demonstrated as a candidate plasticity-related gene, making it an excellent candidate molecule that has therapeutic potential. Here, we examine whether in vivo blockage of Gadd45b affects axonal plasticity and subsequent functional recovery after focal brain infarction. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Preconditioned Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rescue Ischemic Rat Cortical Neurons by Enhancing Trophic Factor Release
In this study, we assessed whether hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) preconditioning of human BM-MSCs could increase their functional capacity and beneficial effect on ischemic rat cortical neurons. Human BM-MSCs were cultured under hypoxia (1 % O2) and with long-term reoxygenation for various times to identify the optimal conditions for increasing their viability and proliferation. The effects of H/R preconditioning on the BM-MSCs were assessed by analyzing the expression of prosurvival genes, trophic factors, and cell migration assays. The functionally improved BM-MSCs were cocultured with ischemic rat cortical neurons to com...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Impairment in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract Emerging evidence has shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may significantly improve cognitive impairment in stroke patients, but individually published studies show inconclusive results. This meta-analysis aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the effects of rTMS on cognitive impairment in stroke patients based on studies published in peer-reviewed journals. A literature search of MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Current Contents Index, and three Chinese databases were conducted on articles published before April 30, 2014. Cru...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 18, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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