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Source: Molecular Neurobiology
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Total 171 results found since Jan 2013.
Monogenic, Polygenic, and MicroRNA Markers for Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) is a leading disease with high mortality and disability, as well as with limited therapeutic window. Biomarkers for earlier diagnosis of IS have long been pursued. Family and twin studies confirm that genetic variations play an important role in IS pathogenesis. Besides DNA mutations found previously by genetic linkage analysis for monogenic IS (Mendelian inheritance), recent studies using genome-wide associated study (GWAS) and microRNA expression profiling have resulted in a large number of DNA and microRNA biomarkers in polygenic IS (sporadic IS), especially in different IS subtypes and imag...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Deep Sequencing Reveals Uncharted Isoform Heterogeneity of the Protein-Coding Transcriptome in Cerebral Ischemia
AbstractGene expression in cerebral ischemia has been a subject of intense investigations for several years. Studies utilizing probe-based high-throughput methodologies such as microarrays have contributed significantly to our existing knowledge but lacked the capacity to dissect the transcriptome in detail. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) enables comprehensive examinations of transcriptomes for attributes such as strandedness, alternative splicing, alternative transcription start/stop sites, and sequence composition, thus providing a very detailed account of gene expression. Leveraging this capability, we conducted a...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Angiotensin Receptor Blockade by Inhibiting Glial Activation Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis Via Activation of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in Hypertension
AbstractHypertension is one of the major risk factors for central nervous system (CNS) disorders like stroke and Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). On the other hand, CNS diseases like AD have been associated with gliosis and impaired neurogenesis. Further, renin angiotensin system (RAS) is intricately associated with hypertension; however, the accumulating evidences suggest that over-activity of RAS may perpetuate the brain inflammation related with AD. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of hypertension and RAS on glial (astrocytes and microglia) activation and hippocampal neurogenesis in a rat model of chr...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
JM-20 Treatment After MCAO Reduced Astrocyte Reactivity and Neuronal Death on Peri-infarct Regions of the Rat Brain
In this study, we look into plausible molecular and cellular targets for JM-20, a new hybrid molecule, against ischemic stroke in vivo. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) following 23 h of reperfusion. Animals treated with 8 mg/kg JM-20 (p.o., 1 h after reperfusion) showed minimal neurological impairment and lower GABA and IL-1β levels in CSF when compared to damaged rats that received vehicle. Immunocontent of pro-su rvival, phosphorylated Akt protein decreased in the cortex after 24 h as result of the ischemic insult, accompanied by decreased number of NeuN+ cells in ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TRPV4 Activation Contributes Functional Recovery from Ischemic Stroke via Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis
In conclusion, our data suggest that TRPV4 activation by 4α-PDD may improve poststroke functional improvement through angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 4, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Combination of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Predicts the Post-Stroke Depression in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we examined the changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and homocysteine (HCY) levels, two of the risk factors, during the acute period of ischemic stroke (IS) and evaluated the relationship between these two factors and long-term post-stroke depression (PSD). In this study, 259 patients with IS had finished the follow-up and were included. Based on the symptoms, diagnoses of depression were made in accordance with DSM-IV criteria for depression at 1 year after stroke. The influence of Hs-CRP/CHY levels on PSD was performed by binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating chara...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Genetic Mutation of GluN2B Protects Brain Cells Against Stroke Damages
AbstractImmediately following ischemia, glutamate accumulates in the extracellular space and results in extensive stimulation of its receptors including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. A large amount of Ca2+ influx directly through the receptor-gated ion channels which leads to Ca2+ overload and triggers several downstream lethal reactions. As a result, cell dies via apoptosis or necrosis, or both. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) physically and functionally interacts with the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit at extra-synaptic sites and this inte...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) in Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Regulation and Implication
AbstractNeurological diseases, including acute attacks (e.g., ischemic stroke) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer ’s disease), have always been one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These debilitating diseases represent an enormous disease burden, not only in terms of health suffering but also in economic costs. Although the clinical presentations differ for these diseases, a growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in brain tissue significantly contribute to their pathology. However, therapies attempting to prevent oxidative damage o...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Early Treatment with Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor (JPI-289) Reduces Infarct Volume and Improves Long-Term Behavior in an Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIn patients with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) causes harmful effects by inducing apoptosis, necrosis, neuroinflammation, and immune dysregulation. The current study investigated the neuroprotective effect of a novel PARP-1 inhibitor, JPI-289, in an animal model of ischemic stroke. A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, 2 h) model was used to determine the therapeutic effect and the most effective dose and time window of administration of JPI-289. We also investigated the long-term outcomes of treatment with JPI-289 by diffusion-weigh...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibition of Peroxynitrite-Induced Mitophagy Activation Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
AbstractActivated autophagy/mitophagy has been intensively observed in ischemic brain, but its roles remain controversial. Peroxynitrite (ONOO−), as a representative of reactive nitrogen species, is considered as a critical neurotoxic factor in mediating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its roles in autophagy/mitophagy activation remain unclear. Herein, we hypothesized that ONOO− could induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy activation via triggering dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) recruitment to damaged mitochondria, contributing to cerebral I/R injury. Firstly, we found PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 6, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Plasma miR-124 Is a Promising Candidate Biomarker for Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke
AbstractStroke causes death or long-term disabilities and threatens the general health of the population worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs are dysregulated and can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in stroke. The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 15% of all the stroke cases. However, at present, little is known regarding the functions and clinical implications of miRNAs in ICH. In the present study, we established the collagenase-induced rat ICH model to mimic human ICH syndrome. We profiled the expression of 728 rat miRNAs at different time points in rat brain tissues and plasm...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 3, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of ACYP2 and TSPYL6 Genetic Polymorphisms with Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Han Chinese Population
In conclusion, the genetic polymorphisms ofACYP2 andTSPYL6 are associated with increased risk of developing ischemic stroke. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate our findings.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
DAPK1 Signaling Pathways in Stroke: from Mechanisms to Therapies
AbstractDeath-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), a Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase, plays important roles in diverse apoptosis pathways not only in tumor suppression but also in neuronal cell death. The requirement of DAPK1 catalytic activity for its proposed cell functions and the elevation of catalytic activity of DAPK1 in injured neurons in models of neurological diseases, such as ischemia and epilepsy, validate that DAPK1 can be taken as a potential therapeutic target in these diseases. Recent studies show that DAPK1-NR2B, DAPK1-DANGER, DAPK1-p53, and DAPK1-Tau are currently known path...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Dodecafluoropentane Improves Neurological Function Following Anterior Ischemic Stroke
This study investigated shortened dosage schedules of DDFPe in nonstandard posterior (NSTND) strokes following occlusions of the posterior cerebral arteries. DDFPe given at shortened schedules of 30 or 60-min injection intervals will reduce neurological deficits, percent stroke volume (%SV), and serum glutamate levels in NSTND ischemic strokes. New Zealand White rabbits (N = 26) were randomly placed into three groups: A (n = 9) controls given saline injections every 60 min, B (n = 9) 2 % DDFPe given IV every 30 min, and C (n = 8) DDFPe every 60 min. Injections began 1 h after embolization. Groups were subdivid...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Protein Profile and Morphological Alterations in Penumbra after Focal Photothrombotic Infarction in the Rat Cerebral Cortex
AbstractAfter ischemic stroke, cell damage propagates from infarct core to surrounding tissues (penumbra). To reveal proteins involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in penumbra, we studied protein expression changes in 2-mm ring around the core of photothrombotic infarct induced in the rat brain cortex by local laser irradiation after administration of Bengal Rose. The ultrastructural study showed edema and degeneration of neurons, glia, and capillaries. Morphological changes gradually decreased across the penumbra. Using the antibody microarrays, we studied changes in expression of>200 neuronal proteins in p...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
