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Serum Levels of High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein at Admission Are More Strongly Associated with Poststroke Depression in Acute Ischemic Stroke than Homocysteine Levels
Abstract Inflammatory processes have fundamental roles in depression. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and homocysteine (HCY) at admission to the presence of poststroke depression (PSD). From December 2012 to December 2013, first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to the hospital within the first 24 h after stroke onset were consecutively recruited and followed up for 6 months. Serum levels of Hs-CRP and HCY were tested at admission. Based on the symptoms, diagnoses of depression were made in accordance with DSM-IV...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum CXCL12 Levels as a Novel Predictor of Future Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Previous studies had shown that CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12) plays a significant role in animal models of ischemic stroke, but its role in human stroke is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the relationship between elevated serum circulating CXCL12 levels and the 1-year stroke recurrence in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). All consecutive patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke from January 2011 to September 2013 were recruited to participate in the study. Serum levels of CXCL12 and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were measured at the time of admissio...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 2, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein: a Novel Target for Neuroprotection in Experimental Thromboembolic Stroke in Mice
This study also affirms the importance of the antioxidant effect of RES on the TRX/TXNIP system.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum Uric Acid Levels and Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Previous studies assessing the association between serum uric acid levels and neurological outcome after acute ischemic stroke reported conflicting results. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the impact of serum uric acid levels on outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google scholar were searched through September 26, 2014 to identify eligible published or unpublished studies on the association between serum uric acid levels and outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Hazard ratio (HR) for poor outcome or mean differences of serum uric acid leve...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Natural Flavonoid Pinocembrin: Molecular Targets and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Abstract Pinocembrin is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from honey, propolis, ginger roots, wild marjoram, and other plants. In preclinical studies, it has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species, protect the blood-brain barrier, modulate mitochondrial function, and regulate apoptosis. Considering these pharmaceutical characteristics, pinocembrin has potential as a drug to treat ischemic stroke and other clinical conditions. In this review, we summarize its pharmacologic characteristics and discuss its mechanisms of action and potential th...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serotonin Transporter Gene 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism as a Protective Factor Against the Progression of Post-Stroke Depression
In this study, we have performed a comprehensive meta-analysis in order to evaluate the effects of 5-HTT and BDNF polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR, STin2 VNTR, 5-HTR2a 102 T/C, Val66Met) on genetic risk of PSD. Human case-control trials were identified by computer-assisted and manual searches. The article search was performed until October 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed effects meta-analysis to measure the effects 5-HTT and BDNF polymorphisms exerted on PSD. We also performed test of heterogeneity, test of publication bias, and sensitivity analysis to examine the reliab...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 21, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ischemic Preconditioning Provides Neuroprotection by Induction of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Autophagy in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) increases cerebral tolerance to the subsequent ischemic exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent autophagy contributed to the neuroprotection of IPC in rats with permanent cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were pretreated with vehicle, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) and then were subjected to IPC induced by a 10-min middle cerebral artery occlus...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect Against Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer-Like Pathological Aberrations
Abstract Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients with AD have displayed decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) which repair and maintain the endothelial function. Transplantation of EPCs has emerged as a promising approach for the management of cerebrovascular diseases including ischemic stroke, however, its impact on AD has been poorly described. Thus, the current study aimed at investigating the effects of bone marrow-derived (BM) EPCs transplantation in repeated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, an experimental mode...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cofilin Inhibition Restores Neuronal Cell Death in Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Model of Ischemia
Abstract Ischemia is a condition associated with decreased blood supply to the brain, eventually leading to death of neurons. It is associated with a diverse cascade of responses involving both degenerative and regenerative mechanisms. At the cellular level, the changes are initiated prominently in the neuronal cytoskeleton. Cofilin, a cytoskeletal actin severing protein, is known to be involved in the early stages of apoptotic cell death. Evidence supports its intervention in the progression of disease states like Alzheimer’s and ischemic kidney disease. In the present study, we have hypothesized the possible i...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum Levels of Thioredoxin Are Associated with Stroke Risk, Severity, and Lesion Volumes
Abstract Oxidative stress increases serum thioredoxin (TRX), a redox-regulating protein with antioxidant activity recognized as an oxidative stress marker. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of serum TRX levels in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). From January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013, all patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were recruited to participate in the study. Serum levels of TRX were assayed with solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the severity of stroke was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke S...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 19, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Crosstalk Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Autophagy: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Acute CNS Injuries
Abstract Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a variety of neuronal cell death pathways that play a critical role in the pathophysiology of stroke. ER stress occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate and the folding capacity of ER chaperones exceeds the capacity of ER lumen to facilitate their disposal. As a consequence, a complex set of signaling pathways will be induced that transmit from ER to cytosol and nucleus to compensate damage and to restore the normal cellular homeostasis, collectively known as unfolded protein response (UPR). However, failure of UPR due to severe or prolonged stress leads...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between Matrix Metalloproteinase Family Gene Polymorphisms and Ischemic Stroke: a Meta-analysis
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between MMP gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke by using a meta-analysis. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were systemically searched. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Eleven studies were enrolled, including a total of 589 cases and 494 controls of MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G; 1,817 cases and 1,731 controls of MMP-3 -1612 5A/6A; and 540 cases and 547 controls of MMP-9 -1562C/T. Under the dominant and recessive models, respectively, the overall ORs and 95 ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 10, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Estradiol and Progesterone Administration After pMCAO Stimulates the Neurological Recovery and Reduces the Detrimental Effect of Ischemia Mainly in Hippocampus
Abstract Epidemiological studies have suggested a differential response, males versus female, in stroke incidence and prognosis. These divergences in brain response after damage are based mostly on hormonal differences. To date, estradiol and progesterone administered independently have demonstrated neuroprotection after ischemia in animal models. Nonetheless, contradictory results were revealed using a combined administration. In order to evaluate the effects of combinatorial treatment administered after ischemia induction, we used two different approaches: in vivo and in vitro models. Male rats which underwent p...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

From Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis to Neuroprotection: Therapeutic Opportunities for 5-HT 3 Receptor Antagonists
Abstract 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are extensively used as efficacious agents in counteracting chemotherapy-induced emesis. Recent investigations have shed light on other potential effects (analgesic, anxiolytic, and anti-psychotic). Some studies have reported neuroprotective properties for the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in vitro and in vivo. When administered to Aβ-challenged rat cortical neurons, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists substantially abated apoptosis, elevation of cytosolic Ca2, glutamate release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and caspase-3 activity. In addition, in vivo studies show that 5-HT3 ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

PRKCH 1425G/A Polymorphism Predicts Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population
Abstract A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a nonsynonymous SNP (1425G/A) in PRKCH which was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this functional polymorphism is associated with stroke onset and prognosis in a Chinese population. We genotyped PRKCH 1425G/A using Improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction in 919 patients with ischemic stroke. Analyses of genotype association with onset and prognosis outcomes were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards models. PRKCH 1425G/A was not ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 5, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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