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Source: Current Cardiology Reports
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Total 125 results found since Jan 2013.
Permanent Bilateral Carotid Filters for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewA novel permanent carotid filter device for percutaneous implantation was developed for the purpose of stroke prevention. In this review, we cover rationale, existing preclinical and clinical data, and potential future directions for research using such a device.Recent FindingsThe Vine ™ filter was assessed for safety in sheep and in 2 observational human studies, the completed CAPTURE 1 (n = 25) and the ongoing CAPTURE 2 (plannedn = 100). CAPTURE 1 has shown high procedural and long-term implant safety. A control group was not available for comparison.SummaryA mechanical filter for permanent str...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - September 9, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Intensive Care Unit Management of the Adult with Congenital Heart Disease
AbstractPurposeAdults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are a rapidly growing population with ever-increasing complexity, and intensive care unit (ICU) management is often necessary. This review summarizes common cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications in ACHD and provides a framework for ICU care.Recent FindingsHeart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in ACHD. Varied anatomy and repairs, as well as differing physiological complications, limit generalized application of management algorithms. Recent studies suggest that earlier mechanical support in advanced cases is feasible and p...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - September 9, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Why Follow-up Examinations After Left Atrial Appendage Closure Are Important: Detection of Complications During Follow-up and How to Deal with Them
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDevice-related thrombus (DRT) formation and incomplete left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) are the two major complications that can occur after LAAC and can potentially limit the success of such a procedure. This review discusses the incidence, clinical and/or prognostic significance, detection methods, treatment options, and potential strategies to prevent these complications.Recent FindingsIt has recently been proven that the presence of a DRT represents an independent predictor for ischemic stroke after LAAC. Continued need for anticoagulation due to incomplete LAAC is clinically relevant to th...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - August 7, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: a Review for the General Cardiologist
AbstractPurpose of ReviewResults from cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials have revealed important insights into the CV safety and efficacy of glucose-lowering agents, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA).Recent FindingsAmong patients with T2DM, DPP-4i have no significant effect on risk of major adverse CV events (MACE: CV death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) with mixed results regarding risk for heart failure (HF). While sitagliptin and linagliptin have neutral effects on HF risk, saxagliptin significantly increases the risk of HF. The CV safety of ...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - August 7, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Cerebral Protection Devices during Transcatheter Interventions: Indications, Benefits, and Limitations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewStroke remains a devastating complication of cardiovascular interventions. This review is going to discuss stroke rates and outcomes in different cardiovascular procedures with a highlight on the current evidence for the use of cerebral protection devices (CPD).Recent FindingsDepending on the quality of neurological assessment, stroke occurs in up to 9.1% after TAVI, 3.9% after mitral clipping, 3.1% in LAAO patients, 0.4% after PCIs, and 1.8% after catheter ablation. CPDs are available for routine use. They are easy to use in most anatomies, feasible, and safe. Data on clinical impact and stroke re...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - July 9, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
What Is New in Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Surgery, TAVR, or Medical Therapy?
AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) have discordance in severity by mean gradient/peak velocity and aortic valve area. Low gradient aortic stenosis (LG-AS) is defined when the aortic valve area is< 1 cm2 consistent with severe AS and mean aortic gradient is< 40 mmHg consistent with non-severe AS. LG-AS represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Purpose of ReviewTo summarize the different categories, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of LG-AS. LG-AS is classified as classical (ejection fraction (EF)< 50%, indexed stroke volume (SVi) < 35 ml/...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - July 8, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Can Anticoagulation Be Stopped After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation?
AbstractyPurpose of ReviewThis review discusses the pros and cons of discontinuing oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), and data from relevant studies, and summarizes the most recent Expert Consensus recommendations on the topic.Recent FindingsPatients with AF are at risk of cerebrovascular embolic events (CVEs) including stroke and transient ischemic attacks. OAT can be effective in preventing CVEs, while catheter ablation is an effective treatment to eliminate AF. Whether OAT can be safely discontinued after successful AF ablation remains a controversial topic. Retrospec...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - June 18, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Use of a Discharge Educational Strategy Versus Standard Discharge Care on Reduction of Vascular Risk in Patients with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThe burden of ischemic stroke is disproportionally distributed between ethnic and racial subgroups in the USA, minority populations with lower socioeconomic status being at higher risk. These discrepancies are mirrored in susceptibility, primary care, and post-discharge procedures. Post-discharge strategies are of particular importance as their primary goal is to prevent recurrent stroke, which makes up about 25% of stroke cases per year in US. As disadvantaged minorities have faster growing populations, recurrent stroke poses a significant challenge not only for caretakers but also for the hea...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - March 18, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment
The objective of this study is to explore the current literature supporting the use oral multivitamins and multi/minerals (OMVMs) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) treatment and prevention.Recent FindingsData on multivitamins, vitamin C and D, coenzyme Q, calcium, and selenium, has showed no consistent benefit for the prevention of CVD, myocardial infarction, or stroke, nor was there a benefit for all-cause mortality to support their routine supplementation. Folic acid alone and B vitamins with folic acid, B6 and B12, reduce stroke, whereas niacin and antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortalit...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - February 13, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Diversity of Organism-Wide and Organ-Specific Endothelial Cells
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEndothelial cells are of great importance in many types of diseases including the coronary artery diseases in heart and stroke in brain. In this review, we explore the heterogeneity among endothelial cells from an organism-wide, organ-specific, and healthy versus disease perspective.Recent FindingsRecent studies addressing the cellular heterogeneity between arterial versus venous endothelial cells (ECs) have revealed that arterial ECs have tighter junctions, a decreased immune response, anticoagulant properties while veins have both anticoagulant and procoagulant properties. Blood and lymphatic ECs...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - February 7, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Current Use and Trends in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Percutaneous Intervention
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the clinical evidence on the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revascularization options in left main (LM) disease in comparison with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Coronary artery disease (CAD) involving the LM is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Though CABG remains the gold standard for complex CAD involving the LM artery, recent trials have shown a trend towards non-inferiority of the LM PCI when compared with CABG in certain subset of patients.Recent FindingsTwo recent major randomized trials compared the outcomes of PCI versus CABG in the LM and multi...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - February 7, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Results in Low Rates of Periprocedural Neurologic Events, Myocardial Infarction, and Death
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTranscarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a novel hybrid procedure that reverses carotid flow and places a stent using surgical access of the carotid artery in the neck under local anesthesia. We discuss the indications for carotid revascularization, the clinical rationale for TCAR, and evidence for its potential role in the management of carotid stenosis.Recent FindingsResults from pre-clinical studies, prospective single-arm studies, and comparative analyses of registry data indicate that TCAR results in low amounts of periprocedural microembolization, cerebral lesions detectable on magneti...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - January 14, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Should All Low-risk Patients Now Be Considered for TAVR? Operative Risk, Clinical, and Anatomic Considerations
This article reviews the current data on TAVR in low-risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis, highlights the results of the recently published Medtronic Low Risk Randomized Study and PARTNER 3 trials, and describes specific clinical, anatomic, and procedural considerations regarding the optimal treatment choice in this population.Recent FindingsIn low-risk patients, the Medtronic Low Risk Randomized Study demonstrated TAVR to be non-inferior to surgery with respect to the composite endpoint of death or disabling stroke while PARTNER 3 trial proved TAVR to be superior to surgery with regard to the composite e...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - November 27, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The Lotus Valve System: an In-depth Review of the Technology
AbstractPurpose of ReviewInnovation for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has transformed a medically complex treatment into a standardized procedure. While Edwards SAPIEN and Medtronic CoreValve occupy the market for TAVR in the United States (US), additional valve systems are being developed. The Boston Scientific Lotus Valve system was recently FDA-approved and will represent the third valve in the US market. This evidence-based review will summarize advantages, disadvantages, and projected impact of this new TAVR system.Recent FindingsThe Lotus Valve system demonstrates superiority in terms of rates of para...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - November 24, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Current Role of the Total Artificial Heart in the Management of Advanced Heart Failure
AbstractThe total artificial heart (TAH) is a form of mechanical circulatory support that involves resection of the native ventricles followed by placement of a device that can restore total pulmonary and systemic flow. Given the increasing burden of congestive heart failure and cardiovascular disease, the number of people in need of cardiac replacement therapy will continue to grow. Despite aggressive efforts to expand the donor pool, the number of heart transplants in the United States (US) has plateaued at less than 3000 per year. In addition, there is increasing recognition of the long-term complications of current gen...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - November 21, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
