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Childhood Infections and Trauma as Risk Factors for Stroke
Abstract Stroke is as common as brain tumor in children. The etiology of childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) appears to be multifactorial, resulting from the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. The risk factors for AIS in children are markedly different from the atherosclerotic risk factors in adults. Trauma and infections have been identified as associations in previous studies and are exposures of particular interest because of their increased prevalence in the children. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the research studies that have addressed t...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - August 17, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Dolichoectasia and the Risk of Stroke and Vascular Disease: A Critical Appraisal
Abstract Dolichoectasia (DE) in cerebral arteries is a poorly understood arteriopathy that has been associated with increased risk of vascular morbidity and mortality. Dolichoectasia tends to affects older individuals with vascular risk factors, but it can also be secondary to specific conditions related with extracellular matrix health. The range of methods used to study DE and the biases inherent to hospital-based samples weaken the generalizability of DE study results to the general population. Within the context of these limitations, there is growing evidence that DE is a serious condition that can increase t...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - August 14, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Update on Diagnosis and Management
Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is less frequent than ischemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage. Its incidence is comparable to that of acute bacterial meningitis in adults. Because of the increased use of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) for investigating patients with acute and subacute headaches and new onset seizures, CVT are now being diagnosed with increasing frequency. CVT have a more varied clinical presentation than other stroke types as they rarely present as a stroke syndrome. Their most frequent presentations are isolated headache, intracranial hypertension syndrome, seizures, a focal loba...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - July 30, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Migraine and the Risk for Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease
Abstract Numerous data have pointed to an association between migraine and cardiovascular diseases. The majority of the available data have indicated that migraine with aura can be considered a risk factor for ischemic stroke, whereas migraine without aura cannot be reliably considered as such. High frequency of attacks and a recent onset of migraine have been related to an increased ischemic stroke risk. In addition, in young subjects with ischemic stroke migraine with aura represents an independent risk factor of overall recurrent vascular events and of recurrent ischemic stroke. Also the risk of transient isch...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - July 25, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation and Its Treatment on Dementia
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a very common tachyarrhythmia and is becoming increasingly prevalent, while dementia is a neurological condition manifested as loss of memory and cognitive ability. Both these conditions share several common risk factors. It is becoming increasingly evident that AF increases the risk of dementia. There are several pathophysiological mechanisms by which AF can cause dementia. AF increases the stroke risk and strokes are strongly associated with dementia. Besides stroke, altered cerebral blood flow in AF and cerebral microbleeds from anticoagulation may enhance the risk of demen...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - June 29, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

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