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Source: Epilepsy Curr

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Total 106 results found since Jan 2013.

Sleep-Wake Disorders in Stroke-Increased Stroke Risk and Deteriorated Recovery? An Evaluation on the Necessity for Prevention and Treatment.
Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sleep-wake disorders (SWD) are common not only in the general population but also in stroke patients, in whom SWD may be pre-existent or appear "de novo" as a consequence of brain damage. Despite increasing evidence of a negative impact of SWD on cardiocerebrovascular risk, cognitive functions, and quality of life, SWD are insufficiently considered in the prevention and management of patients with stroke. This narrative review aims at summarizing the current data on the bidirectional link between SWD and stroke. RECENT FINDINGS: Several studies have demonstrated that sleep-disorder...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - September 7, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Duss SB, Brill AK, Bargiotas P, Facchin L, Alexiev F, Manconi M, Bassetti CL Tags: Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep Source Type: research

Unexpected Effects of Acetylcholine Precursors on Pilocarpine Seizure- Induced Neuronal Death.
CONCLUSION: These seemingly contradictory results may be attributed to both epileptogenic features and neuroprotective functions of several acetylcholine precursors. PMID: 28521701 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Epilepsy Curr - July 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Lee M, Choi BY, Suh SW Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Antiepileptic Drugs in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care.
Abstract The etiology of seizures in the Neurosurgical/Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can be categorized as emanating from either primary brain pathology, at either macro- or microscopic level, or from physiological derangements of critical care illness such as toxic or metabolic abnormalities. Particular etiologies at risk for seizures include ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and traumatic brain injury. The use of prophylactic antiepileptic drug administration remains controversial in many situations, with most of the larger studies having used older antiepileptic drugs prophylactically. If seizures do occ...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - October 30, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Varelas PN, Jones M Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Neurological Deficits in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Abstract OPINION STATEMENT: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway. The prevalence of this disorder is strictly dependent on its gravity. At ≥15 events/h apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it ranges from 6 to 17% in the general population, with higher rates in men and increasing with age. The hypoxia induced by OSA severely affects the structure and function of blood vessels, culminating in mortality and morbidity. Its negative impact influences also cognitive functioning. Recent papers...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - April 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Ferini-Strambi L, Lombardi GE, Marelli S, Galbiati A Tags: Curr Treat Options Neurol Source Type: research

Improving cognitive outcomes for pediatric stroke.
Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The past 20 years have seen a 35% increase in prevalence of pediatric stroke. Contrary to widely held views, children do not recover better than adults. This review explores the impact of pediatric stroke on cognitive domains, including intellectual and executive functions, memory and behavior, and the influence of age, lesion characteristics, and comorbidities on outcome. RECENT FINDINGS: Cognitive problems occur in up to half of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke survivors. Single-center studies have shown intelligence quotient scores skewed to the lower end of the average range, wi...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - January 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Greenham M, Anderson V, Mackay MT Tags: Curr Opin Neurol Source Type: research

Advantages of Structure-Based Drug design Approaches in Neurological Disorders.
Abstract The nerve impulse that function during abnormal or due in illness may due to several genetic factors, metabolic, biological conditions or environmental components denominated as Neuro-biological disorders. This illness occurs mostly due to the innumerable biological modifications that alters the mechanistic condition of the brain. As per current update, more than a millions of people around the world are suffering through various kinds of neurological disorders. In case, 50 million people with Epilepsy, 35 million with dementia, mainly included Alzheimer's disease and the rest of other cases with Parkinso...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - January 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Aarthy M, Panwar U, Selvaraj C, Singh SK Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Cognitive decline and dementia in Down syndrome.
Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Alzheimer's disease is most likely universal in older individuals with Down syndrome, due to having three copies of the amyloid precursor protein gene, resulting in amyloid-beta plaque deposition. Down syndrome is an important population in which to consider clinical trials of treatments to prevent or delay the development of dementia. However, assessment of subtler cognitive changes is challenging due to the presence of intellectual disability. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent research confirmed that older adults with Down syndrome often present with cognitive decline: more than 80% may ex...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - December 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Hithersay R, Hamburg S, Knight B, Strydom A Tags: Curr Opin Psychiatry Source Type: research

Selenium in the Therapy of Neurological Diseases. Where is it Going?
Abstract Selenium (34Se), an antioxidant trace element, is an important regulator of brain function. These beneficial properties that Se possesses are attributed to its ability to be incorporated into selenoproteins as an amino acid. Several selenoproteins are expressed in the brain, in which some of them, e.g. glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) or selenoprotein P (SelP), are strongly involved in antioxidant defence and in maintaining intercellular reducing conditions. Since increased oxidative stress has been implicated in neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheime...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - December 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Dominiak A, Wilkaniec A, Wroczyński P, Adamczyk A Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection.
Abstract The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - November 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Fernández-Novoa L, Aliev G Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Management of Neurologic Manifestations in Patients with Liver Disease.
Abstract OPINION STATEMENT: Liver disease, both in its acute and chronic forms, can be associated with a wide spectrum of neurologic manifestations, both central and peripheral, ranging in severity from subclinical changes to neurocritical conditions. Neurologists are frequently consulted to participate in their management. In this review, we present an overview of management strategies for patients with hepatic disease whose clinical course is complicated by neurologic manifestations. Type A hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which occurs in acute liver failure, is a neurologic emergency, and multiple measures should b...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - June 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ferro JM, Viana P, Santos P Tags: Curr Treat Options Neurol Source Type: research

Spreading Depression in Primary and Secondary Headache Disorders.
Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Spreading depression (SD) is a wave of simultaneous and near-complete depolarization of virtually all cells in brain tissue associated with a transient "depression" of all spontaneous or evoked electrical activity in the brain. SD is widely accepted as the pathophysiological event underlying migraine aura and may play a role in headache pathogenesis in secondary headache disorders such as ischemic stroke, subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy. Here, we provide an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms and propose plausible hypotheses on the involv...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - May 26, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Chen SP, Ayata C Tags: Curr Pain Headache Rep Source Type: research

Pediatric neurocritical care in the 21st century: from empiricism to evidence.
Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Approximately one in five children admitted to a pediatric ICU have a new central nervous system injury or a neurological complication of their critical illness. The spectrum of neurologic insults in children is diverse and clinical practice is largely empirical, as few randomized, controlled trials have been reported. This lack of data poses a substantial challenge to the practice of pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC). PNCC has emerged as a novel subspecialty, and its presence is expanding within tertiary care centers. This review highlights the recent advances in the field, with a fo...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - February 9, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Wainwright MS, Hansen G, Piantino J Tags: Curr Opin Crit Care Source Type: research

Neurology issues in schizophrenia.
Abstract Schizophrenia ranks among the leading causes of disability worldwide. The presence of neurological signs co-occurring with the psychiatric symptoms is indicative of an organic brain pathology. In the present article, we review the current literature on neurology issues in schizophrenia. Firstly, common neurological signs found in patients with schizophrenia (neurological soft signs and smell abnormalities) and their association with imaging findings are reviewed. Secondly, the significant association of schizophrenia with epilepsy and stroke is described as well as the absent association with other organi...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - March 18, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hüfner K, Frajo-Apor B, Hofer A Tags: Curr Psychiatry Rep Source Type: research

Mechanisms of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy.
Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human and experimental research has identified cardioautonomic and respiratory dysfunction as a frequent accompaniment in human and animal model events of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). This review aims to provide an overview of the scientific evidence behind the currently accepted risk factors and working hypotheses regarding SUDEP pathophysiology. RECENT FINDINGS: Epidemiological analysis of public health burden of SUDEP has shown that it rates second only to stroke in the years of potential life lost. Clinical and experimental studies uncovered the dynamic cardiore...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - March 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Goldman AM Tags: Curr Opin Neurol Source Type: research

Selection of antiepileptic drugs in older people.
Abstract OPINION STATEMENT: Elderly people are one of the fastest-growing populations in the United States, and the incidence of epilepsy in older people is much higher than in other population subgroups. This age group is the most vulnerable because of the increased incidence of multiple medical comorbidities, including stroke. The diagnosis of epilepsy is extremely challenging and often delayed in this age group because of an atypical presentation. Seizures are manifest through extremely vague complaints, such as episodes of altered mental status or memory lapses. Once the diagnosis is established by careful his...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - April 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kirmani BF, Robinson DM, Kikam A, Fonkem E, Cruz D Tags: Curr Treat Options Neurol Source Type: research